Protein trans-splicing based dual-vector factor VIII (FVIII) gene delivery is adversely affected by less efficiency of protein splicing. We sought to increase the amount of spliced FVIII protein and plasma coagulation activity in dual-vector FVIII transgene in mice by means of strengthening the interaction of inteins, protein splicing elements, thereby facilitating protein trans-splicing. Dual-vector delivery of the FVIII gene in cultured cells showed that replacement of Met226 in the heavy chain and Asp1828 in the light chain with Cys residues could facilitate inter-chain disulfide linking and improve protein trans-splicing, increasing the levels of spliced FVIII protein. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were coadministered dual vectors of intein-fused human FVIII heavy chain and light chain with Cys mutations via portal vein injection into the liver. Forty-eight hours post-injection, plasma was collected and analyzed for FVIII antigen concentration and coagulation activity. These mice showed increased circulating FVIII heavy chain polypeptide (442±151 ng mL 1 vs. 305±103 ng mL 1 ) and coagulation activi- Sci, 2013Sci, , 56: 262 -267, doi: 10.1007 Protein trans-splicing based dual-vector cotransfer of FVIII heavy and light chain genes is effective in overcoming the capacity limit of adeno-associate virus (AAV) vectors. This strategy uses split intein, a protein splicing element, linked to the FVIII heavy and light chains, resulting in functionally peptide-joined intact FVIII protein, with intein fragments removed post-translationally [1]. As an inter-peptide transsplicing reaction, its efficiency depends on the strength of the molecular interactions, although splicing information located in the intein molecules and protein splicing occur spontaneously without any auxiliary factors or energy consumption [2]. In our recent study, in which the FVIII gene was transfected into cultured cells using the dual-vector, the spliced FVIII protein, with coagulation activity recovered, was observed, but these cells contained unspliced precursors of intein fused heavy and light chain polypeptides [1]. These nonfunctionally unspliced protein precursors may be immunogenic. The amount of spliced FVIII protein depends on its splicing efficiency; this, in turn, determines the coagulation activity and the efficacy of gene therapy. Another dual-vector gene delivery strategy based on intracellular