The essence of appropriate nutritional intake on a regular basis has a great impact in maintaining fundamental physiological functions and the body metabolism. Considering how pivotal maintaining a nourishing fat diet is to human health, Omega-3 fatty acids have gained a lot of attention in recent times. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) such as EPA and DHA are considered as essential fatty acids (EFAs) offering enormous nutritional benefits: from playing a major role in the prevention and treatment of a number of human diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders and neurological disorders, to having anti-inflammatory properties, to providing joint support etc. Hence, their incorporation into our daily diet is of great importance. Also, both EPA and DHA have been shown to be therapeutically significant in treating several infectious diseases. EFAs were initially thought to be marine in origin, produced by fishes. Consequentially, this led to the increase in the industrial extraction of fish oils for meeting the commercial need for of n-3 rich dietary supplements. Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Although fish oil supplementation met almost all of the dietary demand for essential fatty acids, they did come with a fair share of drawbacks such as undesirable odour and flavor, heavy metal contamination, extinction of fish species etc. Oleaginous microorganisms are a promising alternative for the production of a more sustainable, consistent and quality production of n-3 FAs. Thus, the entire review focuses on understanding the eco-friendlier production of n-3 FAs by microorganisms. KEY WORDS-EPA, DHA, fish, oleaginous microorganisms, production, food supplements INTRODUCTION Lipids refer to the class of naturally occurring organic molecules, including fats and oils, waxes, triacylglycerols (or TAGs/ triacylglycerides-lipids esterified with glycerols), phospholipids (lipids esterified with phosphoric acid), glycolipids (lipids esterified with glucose), sphingolipids, steroids (Eg: cholesterol) and several others, that are categorized based on their solubility in organic/non-polar solvents, such as acetone, benzene or chloroform and insolubility in the universal solvent, water. Lipids, just like fats (solids) and oils (liquids) are typified as nutritional sources for highest metabolic energy (about 9kcal/g). Additionally, lipids are known to play major role in several biological functions such as, energy storage, cascade cell signaling, being structural elements of plasma membranes, (Katalin et al. 2017) and many more. Fats and oils are predominantly formed by glycerol, fatty acids and esters. Fatty acids are majorly of three types-saturated (lacks double bondsfound in cheese, butter, meat, coconut oil, palm oil, etc.,), monounsaturated (possess a single double bond-are found in nuts, avocados, olives, canola oils, etc.,) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAsbears two or more double bonds in their chemical structure-are found in corn, flax seeds, sunflower seed oils, fishes, oleag...