Enhanced reactive diffusion of Zn in a nanostructured Fe produced by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment

Enhanced bonding property of cold-sprayed Zn-Al coating on interstitial-free steel substrate with a nanostructured surface layer

“…As demonstrated in a previous study [23], the diffusivity of Cr in nanostructured Fe (10-25 nm in grain size) produced by SMAT is 7-9 orders of magnitude higher than the lattice diffusivity, mostly due to the existence of numerous high-energy grain-boundaries and triple junctions in the nanostructured surface layer. And substantially promoted diffusion kinetics of Zn and Al into nanostructured Fe and steels produced by SMAT has also been observed in some other works [26][27][28]. Assuming a similar magnification of D is achieved in the SMAT IF steel with respect to in the CG sample, the diffusion distance between the Zn-Al coating and SMAT substrate is expected to be significantly increased according to Eq.…”

“…It is well-known that grain boundaries act as fast diffusion channels, and refining the grain size into nanometer scale may significantly enhance atomic diffusivity in metallic materials [17,18]. For example, with the help of significantly enhanced diffusivity in nanostructured surface layers produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) [19,20], nitriding, chromizing, aluminizing, and galvannealing have been achieved at much lower temperatures on different materials than the conventional processing temperatures on the coarse-grained (CG) counterparts [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Meanwhile, promoted film cohesion strength and wear resistance have been obtained on a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating which was sputter deposited on 304 stainless steel with a nanostructured surface layer in comparison with in the CG-DLC coupled sample [29].…”

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

“…In this section, the reactive diffusion behavior of Zn and N into the GNS Fe prepared by SMAT [61–62] will be reviewed from both kinetic and thermodynamic aspects.…”

A study on nanoscale gradient alloying induced by a punching deformation process on low carbon steel

“…These methods have previously been employed to successfully prepare alloying surfaces. For example, SMAT has been used to accelerate diffusion of Zn, allowing for the formation of an intermetallic compound on the surface of Fe-based alloys [5]. SMAT can also increase the diffusion coefficient of Ni by a factor of approximately two on the surface of pure Cu within a distance of 10 mm [6].…”