Enhanced reproducibility of planar perovskite solar cells by fullerene doping with silver nanoparticles

Abstract

A small cross-section of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) placed at the rear-part of the solar cell avoids the parasitic absorption of the nanoparticles which is the biggest barrier for plasmonic structures when acting as photocurrent enhancers. Herein, we demonstrate p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/Ni:Au, where the PCBM electron extraction layer (EEL) was intentionally modified with variable amounts of AgNPs. The addition of small amounts of AgNPs (e.g., 5 wt. %) into the PCBM improved the overall reproducibility and reliability of the solar cell fabrication process after optimization. Plasmonic simulations suggest that any plasmonic-optical effects are relatively small compared to sample absorbance due to perovskite alone. It has been concluded that plasmonic-electrical effects play a major role in averaged performance improvement. Therefore, the addition of small AgNPs in low concentration to the EEL layer accounts for higher Jsc, Voc and FF as a result of a better perovskite coverage by the EEL and an improved charge carrier collection as evidenced by morphological and electrical analysis.

Recent Progress in Organic Electron Transport Materials in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

“…This phenomenon is known as electrical Plasmonic effect. Devices with 5 wt% of Ag nanoparticles in PCBM showed higher PCE (11.9%) than those based on pure PCBM (7.34%) . The structures of dopants are shown in Figure and photovoltaic parameters of PSCs with/without‐doped ETL are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Ag/MgO Nanoparticles via Gas Aggregation Nanocluster Source for Perovskite Solar Cell Engineering

“…The energy band edge positions for Spiro-OMeTAD have been taken from reference [69]. The energy band values for Ag NPs and MgO are taken from reference [70] and [71], respectively. The depicted energy values are relative to the vacuum level.…”

A Review of Integrated Systems Based on Perovskite Solar Cells and Energy Storage Units: Fundamental, Progresses, Challenges, and Perspectives

“…The devices retain 93% of the initial efficiency after 370 h under 100 mW cm −2 continuous white light illumination 12.75 2019 [ 127] ITO/TiO 2 /Cs 1.2 PbI 2 Br 1.2 /P3HT/Au 10 Unencapsulated at 70°C in inert atmosphere for 300 h 8 2019 [ 128] FTO/TiO 2 /MAPbI 3− x Cl x /sputtered NiO x /Ni 7.28 >2 months stability 2015 [ 129] FTO/c-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 /(FAPbI 3 ) x (MAPbBr 3 ) 1− x /spiro-MeOTAD/Au 18.7 3 months outdoor 17.76 2016 [ 130] FTO/PEDOT:PSS/(BA) 2 (MA) 3 Pb 4 I 13 /PCBM/Al 12.52 Under 1 sun 2250 h, 65% RH 12.52 2016 [ 131] 17.5 4000 h in air 14 2017 [ 132] FTO/bl-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 /CsFAMAPbI 3− x Br x /CuSCN/rGO/Au 20.4% 95% left after 1000 h under 60°C 19.38 2017 [ 133] MAPb(I 1− x Br x ) 3− y Cl y 11.1 80% for 720 h 8.88 2014 [ 134] FTO/NiO x /FA 1− x MA x PbI 3 /PCBM/TiOX/Ag 20.65 90% left after 500 h under 85°C 18.5 2018 [ 135] FTO/BI-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 /FA-perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au 20 800 h 20 2018 [ 136] FTO/c-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 /(FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 /spiro-OMeTAD/Au…”