Enhanced selective enrichment of partial nitritation and anammox bacteria in a novel two-stage continuous flow system using flat-type poly (vinylalcohol) cryogel films

Gel immobilization: A strategy to improve the performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for nitrogen-rich wastewater treatment

“…The different nitrogen cycle players have symbiotic or competitive functions in wastewater treatment plants. Customarily, nitrogenous species have been removed from wastewater through the conventional process of nitrification-denitrification (N/DN) (Choi et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2019). Higher carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio is an essential parameter for the successful application of the conventional N/DN process.…”

Polymeric Materials Used for Immobilisation of Bacteria for the Bioremediation of Contaminants in Water

“…Factors influencing the adsorption or cross-linking of cells onto the cryogel matrices include their surface structures, cell surface charge, pore size, and hydrophobicity [119,120]. The efficacy of attachment is further compounded by the medium used, the pH and temperature of the surrounding milieu, the presence of other contaminants and chemicals, and the properties of the absorbents exploited [98,121]. The specific properties of macroporous cryogels, including their biocompatibility, physical and chemical stability and strength, and controlled pore structure, make them potentially important tools in the remediation and processing of various chemical and biological components and contaminants.…”

“…Cryogel immobilised anammox bacteria was reactivated after oxygen shock with a short delay. The two-stage system demonstrated~90% nitrogen removal efficiency at a short hydraulic retention time (7.7 h) [98] (Figure 5). The co-immobilization of anammox and ammonia-oxidizing strains into a PVA for efficient nitrogen removal process was proposed.…”

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate decorated cryogels as synthetic spatially structured habitats of marine bacterial communities

“…Most commonly, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been used as synthetic polymer source in which bacteria are directly entrapped during the formation of physically cross-linked polymer networks. [13][14][15][16][17] Other cryogel supports are based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) 18 and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) [19][20][21] which have the advantage to provide more stable networks due to covalent chemical cross-linking. Additionally, surface ligands have been used to immobilize bacteria by adsorption e.g.…”