Enhanced Solar-Photocatalytic Degradation of Combined Chlorophenols Using Ferric Ions and Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

The influences of ferric ions (Fe3+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the degradation of combined chlorophenols during solar/TiO2 process were investigated. 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were used as a chlorophenols combined mixture. Fe3+ ions have shown considerable effect on the solar-photocatalytic degradation rate of the mixture and its intermediates. Different amounts of Fe3+ ions were used, and the optimum value was 10 mg/L. At these conditions, three major intermediates were detected including hydroquinone (HQ), phenol (Ph), and 4-chlorocatechol (4-cCat). However, the concentrations of these aromatic intermediates were less than that of using TiO2 alone as well as the degradation time was reduced to 150 min. H2O2 was also effectively used as a degradation enhancer at various concentrations together with Fe3+ ions in order to improve the solar-photocatalytic degradation rate and the optimum value was 3.41 mM. The degradation efficiency of the combined mixture increased sharply in the presence of H2O2. Additionally, an extremely high degradation rate of the main pollutants and their intermediates was achieved when using Fe3+ ions and H2O2 together with TiO2. Furthermore, only two intermediates HQ and Ph were observed in this case. The complete degradation of the main chlorophenolic compounds and their intermediates was achieved within 130 min of solar irradiation.

Isolation and Characterization of Photocatalytically Degraded Products of Pyroxasulfone Using Myriad Analytical Techniques

“…It was found that the ability of 2.0 wt.% Ag@Mg 4 Ta 2 O 9 for atrazine degradation was retained and it can be reused many times with the similar efficiency. Abeish et al (2014) investigated influence of ferric ions and hydrogen peroxide on the degradation of combined chlorophenols in solar/TiO 2 process. The 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were used as model pollutants chlorophenols.…”

A Polypyrrole-Modified Pd-Ag Bimetallic Electrode for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of 4-Chlorophenol

“…Chlorophenols (CPs) are significant chemical intermediates for the manufacture of fungicides, antiseptics, dyes, pesticides, and personal-care-products in various industries [1][2][3][4]. The high toxicity and poor biodegradability of CPs has classified them in the blacklist of priority pollutants announced by European regulatory authorities and the US Environmental Protection Agency [5][6][7]. The residues of these chemicals are exposed to the air, water, and soil from industrial wastewater emission due to their global manufacture and purchase, and often have toxicological effects on human beings, such as skin and mucosa irritability, soft tissue sarcomas, and exposure via the contamination of groundwater and soil [2,8,9].…”

Catalytic decomposition of 2-chlorophenol using an ultrasonic-assisted Fe3O4–TiO2@MWCNT system: Influence factors, pathway and mechanism study

“…Chlorinated phenolic compounds i.e. 2-chlorophenol (2CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) have been widely known to have severe detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystem and human health [1]. In the chlorinated phenolic families, 2CP due to high toxicity, carcinogenic character, persistence in the environment, and low biodegradability have been listed among priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency [2].…”