Enhanced Stability and Controlled Delivery of MOF-Encapsulated Vaccines and Their Immunogenic Response In Vivo

Abstract

Vaccines have an innate tendency to lose their structural conformation upon environmental and chemical stressors. A loss in conformation reduces the therapeutic ability to prevent the spread of a pathogen. Herein, we report an in-depth study of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and its ability to provide protection for a model viral vector against denaturing conditions. The immunoassay and spectroscopy analysis together demonstrate enhanced thermal and chemical stability to the conformational structure of the encapsulated viral nanoparticle. The long-term biological activity of this virus-ZIF composite was investigated in animal models to further elucidate the integrity of the encapsulated virus, the bio-safety, and immunogenicity of the overall composite. Additionally, histological analysis found no observable tissue damage in the skin or vital organs in mice, following multiple subcutaneous administrations. This study shows that ZIF-based protein composites are strong candidates for improved preservation of proteinaceous drugs, are biocompatible, and capable of controlling the release and adsorption of drugs in vivo.

In situ assembled ZIF superstructures via an emulsion-free soft-templating approach

“…S9b and c †). 36 Aer washing, BSA@ZIF-8 colloidosomes show no signicant IR peak for BSA, which is consistent with reported literature on enzyme encapsulation. 46 The ZIF-8 colloidosomes show a positive z-potential/surface charge (29 mV) but aer encapsulation of BSA, the z-potential is measured at +15 mV (Fig.…”

“…[31][32][33][34] ZIF-8, in particular, has been extensively used for drug delivery, biomimetic mineralization and sheltering of biomacromolecules. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Hollow ZIF-8 and HKUST-1 colloidosomes were prepared via an emulsion-based so interfacial formation method. 1 A spraydrying technique has also been successfully employed to prepare a library of hollow MOF superstructures.…”

Peroxidase Encapsulated in Peroxidase Mimics via in situ Assembly with Enhanced Catalytic Performance

“…The resultant enzyme hybrid nanoflower exhibited remarkably enhanced thermal stability. The versatility of this process has driven the construction of bioactive molecules with protective inorganic shells including enzymes, antibodies, vaccine and cells . Moreover, nanostructured shells were not limited to metal phosphate crystals and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) .…”

Degradation of ZIF-8 in phosphate buffered saline media

“…24,25 In all these examples, the use of ZIF-8 with APIs, enzymes, viruses and cells, involved MOF crystals ranging from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers. 9,16,[24][25][26][27][28][29] For example, enzyme@MOF particles produced via biomimetic mineralization are in the micrometer range (e.g. 2 μm).…”