“…This algorithm and its numerous variants, such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter, are widely applied in navigation, guidance and robotics technologies (position estimation, trajectory tracking and object detection), and are also suitable for solving problems in many other fields, such as econometrics and medicine [ 30 ]. In industrial electronics, the main implementations concern signal processing and instrumentation, electric motor sensorless control and health monitoring, and other control systems [ 31 ], as well as energy storage systems for charge state estimation [ [32] , [33] , [34] ]. The Augmented State Kalman Filter effectively deals with models containing parameters which deviate from nominal values due to unknown biases, by including the bias terms in the state vector [ 35 ].…”