“…1,2 So, spinel nanomaterials are attracting extensive interest due to their wide range of nanotechnological applications in catalysts, magnetic recordings, biomedical devices, electronics, microwave absorbers, gas sensors, magnetism and electrochemical technologies such as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, optical materials/ devices and electrolysers. [3][4][5][6][7] The spinel nanomaterials exhibit a formula of A x B 3Àx O 4 in the cubic spinel structure, in which A and B represent the tetrahedral and octahedral distributions of cations, where A and B are transition metals such as Ni, Zn, Co, Fe, Mn, etc. [8][9][10][11] This spinel structure allows various interesting physicochemical properties due to the different oxidation states of the transition metals and their distribution in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites.…”