Enhanced supercapacitor performance of ZnO/SnO2:rGO nanocomposites under redox additive electrolyte

A Comprehensive Review of Novel Emerging Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes Versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes

“…49,50 The limitation can also be overcome by involving redox elements with electrolytes. 51 In recent reports, a few redox elements like iodine, 52 hydroquinone, 53 or p-phenylenediamine, 54 and P-benzenediol 55 were used. Kumar et al prepared an EDLC with AC and 1 M H 2 SO 4 with VOSO 4 as a redox element.…”

Unleashing the Potential: Augmented Supercapacitor Performance of Bi2O3/MnO2@MWCNT Nanocomposites with Redox Additive Electrolyte

“…To improve the performances of these electrolytes, redoxactive materials were incorporated into the electrolyte, which provided additional electrochemical reactions within the electrolyte. 10,14,32,37 In this work, two different approaches were used to improve the conductivity and electrochemical performances of Bi 2 O 3 / MnO 2 (BM) nanocomposites (NCs) for SC applications. A MWCNT was hydrothermally incorporated with BM NCs (BMM NCs) to improve the overall conductivity of the BM NCs.…”

“…The field of technology had rapidly advanced, but the existing energy devices were insufficient to meet the demands, , specifically in automotive industries, where there was a need for durable and high-power storage devices to support the demand for electric-drive vehicles. − However, the limitations of the current battery technology hindered the widespread adoption of these vehicles. Meanwhile, the rapid proliferation of drones, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and other electronic devices had emphasized the importance of electrochemical devices, like supercapacitors, which offered a higher power density ( P d ). , Despite their advantages of a higher P d (greater than 10 kW/kg) − and moderate lifespan compared to other storage devices, , their energy density ( E d ) was still inadequate for direct utilization in smart energy storage systems, which required both high power and energy. , Consequently, there was a need to develop energy storage devices with advanced materials and/or designs to achieve higher P d and E d values, as well as excellent cycling, chemical and thermal stabilities, and robustness. − Various electrode materials, such as conducting polymers, layered double hydroxides, metal hydroxides, nitrides, chalcogenides, metal oxides, and carbonaceous materials, had been extensively investigated for their potential as electrode materials in energy storage systems. ,, …”

“…Typically, electrolytes, such as, the aqueous solutions containing inorganic salts (e.g., KOH, Na 2 SO 4 ), organic liquids, ionic liquids, polymer electrolytes, solid electrolytes, and so on, were used as the charge transfer agents in SCs. − However, the role of these electrolytes in electrochemical reactions was null. To improve the performances of these electrolytes, redox-active materials were incorporated into the electrolyte, which provided additional electrochemical reactions within the electrolyte. ,,, …”

“…7,8 Despite their advantages of a higher P d (greater than 10 kW/kg) 9−11 and moderate lifespan compared to other storage devices, 12,13 their energy density (E d ) was still inadequate for direct utilization in smart energy storage systems, which required both high power and energy. 13,14 Consequently, there was a need to develop energy storage devices with advanced materials and/or designs to achieve higher P d and E d values, as well as excellent cycling, chemical and thermal stabilities, and robustness. 15−20 Various electrode materials, such as conducting polymers, layered double hydroxides, metal hydroxides, nitrides, chalcogenides, metal oxides, and carbonaceous materials, had been extensively investigated for their potential as electrode materials in energy storage systems.…”