Enhanced sympathetic cardiac modulation in bruxism patients

Marthol, H.; Reich, Sven; Jacke, Julia; Lechner, Karl-Heinz; Wichmann, Manfred; Hilz, Max J.

doi:10.1007/s10286-006-0355-2

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Rugh et al reported that nocturnal EMG activity increased with stress (17). In addition, a study of 20 clinically diagnosed sleep bruxers and 20 healthy volunteers found that the sympathetic cardiac activity of the bruxers was higher than that of the non-bruxers, suggesting that the bruxers were affected by stress (18). On the contrary, in a study of 100 sleep bruxers performed over a 15 night recording period, Pierce et al found no association between bruxism and stress (23).…”

Section: The Changes In the Ten-division Vas Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sleep bruxism and stress sensitivity in an experimental psychological stress task

et al. 2011

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The objective of this study was to examine the association between sleep bruxism and psychological stress. The subjects consisted of 76 volunteers, who were divided into those with and without bruxism according to the diagnostic criteria for sleep bruxism outlined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Stress sensitivity was evaluated before and after an experimental stress task, which involved simple mathematical calculations. It was assessed objectively by measuring the subjects' salivary chromogranin A (CgA) levels and subjectively using a ten-division visual analog scale (VAS). Compared with those observed before the stress task, the mean salivary CgA levels of the non-bruxism group (n = 54) were not significantly increased after the stress task. Conversely, the mean salivary CgA levels of the bruxism group (n = 22) were significantly increased after the stress task (P < 0.01). The mean VAS scores of the groups without (n = 54) and with (n = 22) bruxism were significantly (P < 0.01) increased after the stress task compared with those observed before the stress task, but no differences were detected between the two groups in the stress task. These findings suggest that there is an association between sleep bruxism and psychological stress sensitivity.Oral habits such as bruxism are thought to affect temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and might have a relatively strong effect on the durability of prosthetic appliances (20,30). Bruxism, which is defined as clenching or grinding of the teeth, or a combination of both, is a diurnal or nocturnal parafunctional activity and has long been regarded as requiring treatment (5). It is thought that bruxism is associated with psychological stress (1,2,8,10,22). On the other hand, some studies did not find any association between bruxism and stress (15,19). The following reasons might explain this disagreement. In most of the above studies, diurnal bruxism and sleep bruxism were not distinguished from each other, and there were variations in the methods used to evaluate oral habits. In addition, differing definitions of stress and various methods for assessing stress were employed in these studies (17). Also, in these studies, stress was evaluated subjectively, such as by self-reporting, questionnaires, etc. Thus, the relationship between bruxism and stress is much more complex than previously imagined and involves many psychosocial factors (17). When humans are exposed to psychological stressors, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) system are activated (9,13,26). This results in changes of biomarkers, e.g., cortisol and/or chromogranin, etc., being secreted into the serum or saliva. Therefore, stress can be objectively evaluated by analyz-

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Section: The Changes In the Ten-division Vas Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sleep bruxism and stress sensitivity in an experimental psychological stress task

et al. 2011

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“…Sleep bruxism, similar to the movement disorders previously discussed, appears to also result in augmented cardiac sympathetic activity [49,50]. This cardiac sympathetic activity can be suppressed in sleep with clonidine [51].…”

Section: Sleep Bruxismmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sleep-associated movement disorders and heart failure

Schaffernocker

Hayes

2008

Heart Fail Rev

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Sleep-associated movement disorders are a broad group of sleep disorders characterized by involuntary movements that may disrupt sleep. Relatively little is known about the clinical consequences of sleep-associated movement disorders on cardiovascular health. Because these disorders manifest mostly during sleep, recognizing a movement disorder can be particularly difficult. Nevertheless, patients can have frequent arousals and suffer from similar sleep deprivation, fragmentation, and autonomic disruption as occurs in sleep-disordered breathing. Subsequently, these disorders may have a serious impact on daytime function and perception of health in patients with chronic heart failure.

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“…Se ha relacionado un elevado tono simpático general durante la vigilia con individuos que presentan BS (17). Los episodios de AMMR/BS están asociados con el movimiento corporal y también con la excitación cortical (14,(18)(19)(20), más específicamente, se ha demostrado que una gran proporción de episodios AMMR/BS (87,3%) ocurren en la fase A del patrón cíclico alterno (CAP) (19).…”

Section: Tono Simpático Muscularunclassified

Fenómenos fisiopatológicos sistémicos asociados al bruxismo de sueño

et al. 2014

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RESUMENEl bruxismo de sueño (BS) se define como un trastorno del movimiento estereotipado que se presenta durante el sueño, caracterizado por rechinamiento y/o apretamiento dentario. Se encuentra dentro de la clasificación internacional de desórdenes de sueño como un trastorno del movimiento asociado a una exagerada actividad muscular masticatoria rítmica. Se reporta una incidencia del 15% al 22% en la población general. Antiguamente se creía que la etiología del BS estaba relacionada con alteraciones oclusales; sin embargo actualmente se piensa que la causa principal está más bien relacionada con alteraciones de sueño, enfermedades del sistema nervioso central, drogas, dolor crónico, alteraciones emocionales, entre otros factores que participarían en su origen. Se ha identificado la presencia de diversos fenómenos fisiopatológicos sistémicos que acontecen durante un episodio de BS, entre los cuales encontramos los microdespertares corticales, alteraciones en el ritmo cardíaco, el tono simpático, la presión arterial, entre otros, sobre los cuales trata esta revisión.Palabras clave: Bruxismo de sueño, bruxismo, desorden de sueño. SUMMARYSleep Bruxism (BS) is defined as a stereotyped movement disorder that occurs during sleep, characterized by grinding and / or clenching tooth. It lies within the international classification of sleep disorders as a movement disorder associated with an exaggerated rhythmic masticatory muscle activity. We report an incidence of 15% to 22% in the general population. Formerly it was believed that the etiology of BS was related to occlusal alterations, but it is now thought that the main cause is more related to sleep disorders, central nervous system diseases, drugs, chronic pain, emotional distress, among other factors participate in origin. It has identified the presence of various systemic pathophysiological phenomena that occur during an episode of BS, among which are the arousal, changes in heart rate, sympathetic tone, blood pressure, among others, on which is this review.

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Enhanced sympathetic cardiac modulation in bruxism patients

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Association between sleep bruxism and stress sensitivity in an experimental psychological stress task

Association between sleep bruxism and stress sensitivity in an experimental psychological stress task

Sleep-associated movement disorders and heart failure

Fenómenos fisiopatológicos sistémicos asociados al bruxismo de sueño

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