Enhanced synthesis of curculigoside by stress and amino acids in static culture of Curculigo orchioides gaertn (kali musli)

Abstract

Background:Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (Kali musli; Family: Hypoxidaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant used for many medicinal purposes such as impotency, aphrodisiac, tonic, jaundice, and skin ailments. Its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-cancerous potential have also been evaluated by many scientists.Objective:The objective of this study is to enhance the curculigoside content in tissue culture of C. orchioides.Materials and Methods:The present study deals with the enhancement of an active compound of C. orchioides by incorporating various concentration of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine, (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/100 ml), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm) into Zenk media in controlled and aseptic conditions.Results:Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavors, and industrially important biochemicals. Accumulation of such metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. A significantly remarkable enhancement in all induced samples was noted. Curculigoside content was maximum in the 6-week-old tissue induced with 3 ppm of Cr (7.63%) followed by 4 weeks tissue of tissue fed with 4 ppm of Ni (5.66%) and 4-week-old tissue fed with tyrosine 7.5 mg/100 ml (2.38%) among all samples used. These results suggest that tyrosine is better enhancer than Phe in the biosynthetic pathway of curculigoside. The presence of curculigoside in all extracts was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis with standard compound of curculigoside and histology of treated samples.Conclusion:This investigation was carried out for the 1st time, and it is a significant step in understanding the biochemistry of curculigoside. The developed protocol will be beneficial for marketing in pharmaceutical industries.SUMMARY Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (Kali musli; Family: Hypoxidaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant used for many medicinal purposes such as impotency, aphrodisiac, tonic, jaundice, and skin ailments.It was observed that dry matter % was maximum in 6-week-old tissue fed with 2.5 mg/100 ml of tyrosine and diminished beyond this concentration among all samples usedThe nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) stress has enhanced the curculigoside in considerable amount in nontoxic range, in tissue culture of C. orchioides.Curculigoside content was maximum in 6-week-old tissue induced with 3 ppm of Cr (7.63%; 11-fold enhancement) followed by 4 weeks tissue of tissue fed with 4 ppm of Ni (5.66%) and 4-week-old tissue fed with tyrosine 7.5 mg/100 ml (2.38%) among all samples used. Histological studies confirmed the enhanced production of curculigoside. Abbreviations Used: Phe: Phenylalanine, PAL: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, mM: mille Molar, Cr: Chromium, Ni: Nickel, HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography

Enhanced Curculigoside and Phenolic Compounds Elevate Antioxidant Activity in C. orchioides Gaertn In Vitro Under Exogenous Augmentation with Elicitors Salicylic Acid (SA) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000

“…Heavy metals (chromium and nickel) and the use of amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine) induce higher production of curculigoside in the static culture of C. orchioides in vitro. 21 However, our study is the first to report the effect of SA and PEG 6000 elicitors in the enhancement of curculigoside and phenolic compound in vitro cultures of C. orchioides and subsequently elevated antioxidant activity. The study also outlines those variations in CC, TPC, and AA occur at different concentrations of elicitors and duration of treatment.…”

Toxicity Assessment of Curculigo orchioides Leaf Extract Using Drosophila melanogaster: A Preliminary Study

“…It is commonly called “Kali musli” in India and “Xian mao” in China. It is one of the common herbs consumed in many south Asian countries like India, China, and Nepal [ 11 ]. The plant is now listed as endangered [ 12 ].…”

Identification And Characterization Of Phenolic Compounds In Root Extract Of Two Ethnomedicinal Plants Curculigo Orchioides And Asparagus Racemosus

“…16,17 The reported active bio-compounds are flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, and other secondary metabolites. 15,18 C. orchioides have been reported to contain many polyphenolic compounds such as curculigoside, a colourless, needle shaped polyphenol. 18 It is also reported that flavone glycoside from the root has been identified as 5, 7-dimethoxy glucopyranoside and also various types of fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid have been isolated from root oil.…”

“…15,18 C. orchioides have been reported to contain many polyphenolic compounds such as curculigoside, a colourless, needle shaped polyphenol. 18 It is also reported that flavone glycoside from the root has been identified as 5, 7-dimethoxy glucopyranoside and also various types of fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid have been isolated from root oil. 19 Active phyto-components identified from the extract of rhizome by GC-MS are ethyl iso-allocholate (steroid compound), docosanoic acid 1, 2, 3propanetriyl ester (Tribehenin) as a fatty acid ester, benzoic acid, 4-ethoxy, ethyl ester (aromatic acid ester).…”