Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance and Lifetime in Acid-Doped PEDOT:PSS Films Via Work Function Modification

Villalva, Diego Rosas; Haque, Azimul; Nugraha, Mohamad Insan; Baran, Derya

doi:10.1021/acsaem.0c01511

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…At a Δ T of 10 K, the extrapolated power density was 0.128 μW cm –2 . Recently, Villalva et al investigated poly(ethyleneimine)-ethoxylate (PEIE) as work function modification agent for nitric acid (HNO 3 ) doped PEDOT:PSS as well as an encapsulation agent, preventing HNO 3 evaporation from the PEDOT:PSS film: indeed the presence of PEIE contributed to avoid the drop of electrical conductivity after air exposure by forming a barrier preventing the escape of nitric acid from the PEDOT film. In addition, PEIE ethoxy groups enhance charge carrier extraction through the modification of PEDOT work function, which, together with the lower ordering in the PEIE-coated films, might be responsible for the increase in S : the result is an increase in PF from 72 to 168 μW m –1 K –2 .…”

Section: State-of-the-art Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications

et al. 2021

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Heat is an abundant but often wasted source of energy. Thus, harvesting just a portion of this tremendous amount of energy holds significant promise for a more sustainable society. While traditional solid-state inorganic semiconductors have dominated the research stage on thermal-to-electrical energy conversion, carbon-based semiconductors have recently attracted a great deal of attention as potential thermoelectric materials for low-temperature energy harvesting, primarily driven by the high abundance of their atomic elements, ease of processing/manufacturing, and intrinsically low thermal conductivity. This quest for new materials has resulted in the discovery of several new kinds of thermoelectric materials and concepts capable of converting a heat flux into an electrical current by means of various types of particles transporting the electric charge: (i) electrons, (ii) ions, and (iii) redox molecules. This has contributed to expanding the applications envisaged for thermoelectric materials far beyond simple conversion of heat into electricity. This is the motivation behind this review. This work is divided in three sections. In the first section, we present the basic principle of the thermoelectric effects when the particles transporting the electric charge are electrons, ions, and redox molecules and describe the conceptual differences between the three thermodiffusion phenomena. In the second section, we review the efforts made on developing devices exploiting these three effects and give a thorough understanding of what limits their performance. In the third section, we review the state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials investigated so far and provide a comprehensive understanding of what limits charge and energy transport in each of these classes of materials.

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Section: State-of-the-art Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications

et al. 2021

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“…This increase in conductivity (1.1 × 10 −4 S/cm) after the addition of EG (a polar solvent with better dielectric strength) in the PEDOT:PSS solution enhances the charge carrier mobility. Moreover, the addition of EG causes the reorientation of the polymer chain, which results in decreased Coulombic interactions with induced screening effect between PEDOT and PSS molecules 39 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEDOT: PSS‐grafted graphene oxide‐titanium dioxide nanohybrid‐based conducting paper for glucose detection

Paul

Verma

Jalil

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, efforts have been made to develop a conducting paper‐ (CP) based biosensor using poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐grafted reduced graphene oxide‐titanium dioxide (rGO‐TiO2) nanohybrid. The effect of different dopant (ethylene glycol [EG], glycerine and methanol) on the conductivity of the paper has been investigated, and it was observed that the conductivity of the CP significantly increases from 6.9 × 10−5 S/cm to 1.1 × 10−4 S/cm on treatment with EG. While, after the incorporation rGO‐TiO2 nanohybrid into PEDOT:PSS‐grafted paper, the conductivity increased to 4.9 × 10−2 S/cm. The fabricated flexible rGO‐TiO2@CP was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and amperometric techniques. The developed rGO‐TiO2@CP has been utilized for the immobilization of glucose oxidase for the quantitative estimation of glucose. Electrochemical results reveal that the modified CP shows high sensitivity (94.98 μAmM−1 cm−2) with a low limit of detection (0.01 mM) and can be a promising substitute over other expensive conventional electrodes.

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“…Organic materials like poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyaniline have demonstrated competent thermoelectric (TE) figures of merit and transport behaviors, enhanced processability into versatile forms, low density, easy synthesis, and lower costs than inorganic thermoelectric materials, which makes them perfect as energy harvesting devices from body heat (Heywang and Jonas, 1992;Cho et al, 2016;Russ et al, 2016;Du et al, 2018;Villalva et al, 2020). The porosity of PEDOT:PSS and the flaky nature of 2D materials like graphene oxide and MnO 2 has been utilized to produce flexible supercapacitors and solid-state batteries with high power densities that are stable in air (Hiralal et al, 2010;Xuan et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2015;Yoon et al, 2016;Moon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite all of these advantages, the development of accurate sensing platforms, reliable energy harvesting and storage (Qin et al, 2020), and fast and efficient displays, requires improving sensitivity, and repeatability with different fabrication methods. While doping has been used to improve the mobilities, conductivity, and TE properties of organic polymers (Villalva et al, 2020), there is still a gap for air-stable n-type organic TE materials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

2020

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The concept of flexible electronics has been around for several decades. In principle, anything thin or very long can become flexible. While cables and wiring are the prime example for flexibility, it was not until the space race that silicon wafers used for solar cells in satellites were thinned to increase their power per weight ratio, thus allowing a certain degree of warping. This concept permitted the first flexible solar cells in the 1960s (Crabb and Treble, 1967). The development of conductive polymers (Shirakawa et al., 1977), organic semiconductors, and amorphous silicon (Chittick et al., 1969; Okaniwa et al., 1983) in the following decades meant huge strides toward flexibility and processability, and thus these materials became the base for electronic devices in applications that require bending, rolling, folding, and stretching, among other properties that cannot be fulfilled by conventional electronics (Cheng and Wagner, 2009) (Figure 1). Presently there is great interest in new materials and fabrication techniques which allow for highperformance scalable electronic devices to be manufactured directly onto flexible substrates. This interest has also extended to not only flexibility but also properties like stretchability and healability which can be achieved by utilizing elastomeric substrates with strong molecular interactions (Oh et al., 2016; Kang et al., 2018). Likewise, biocompatibility and biodegradability has been achieved through polymers that do not cause adverse effect to the body and can be broken down into smaller constituent pieces after utilization (Bettinger and Bao, 2010; Irimia-Vladu et al., 2010; Liu H. et al., 2019). This new progress is now enabling devices which can conform to complex and dynamic surfaces, such as those found in biological systems and bioinspired soft robotics. These next-generation flexible electronics open up a wide range of exciting new applications such as flexible lighting and display technologies for consumer electronics, architecture, and textiles, wearables with sensors that help monitor our health and habits, implantable electronics for improved medical imaging and diagnostics, as well as extending the functionality of robots and unmanned aircraft through lightweight and conformable energy harvesting devices and sensors. While conventional electronics are very capable of these functions, flexible electronics are intended to expand the mechanical features to adhere to novel form factors through hybrid strategies, or as standalone solutions where the application does not require high computation power, intended to be highly robust to deformation, low cost, thin, or disposable. The definition of flexibility differs from application to application. From bending and rolling for easier handling of large area photovoltaics, to conforming onto irregular shapes, folding, twisting, stretching, and deforming required for devices in electronic skin, all while maintaining device performance and reliability. While early progress and many important innovations have alre...

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Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance and Lifetime in Acid-Doped PEDOT:PSS Films Via Work Function Modification

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Unconventional Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications

Unconventional Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications

PEDOT: PSS‐grafted graphene oxide‐titanium dioxide nanohybrid‐based conducting paper for glucose detection

Flexible Electronics: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

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