Enhanced transformation of phosphorus (P) in sewage sludge to hydroxyapatite via hydrothermal carbonization and calcium-based additive

Zheng, Xiaoyuan; Ye, Yutong; Jiang, Zhe; Ji, Shasha; Chen, Wei; Wang, Bo; Dou, Binlin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139786

Cited by 72 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It was also found that more Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and less AlPO 4 could be detected with increasing incineration temperature (from 675 to 950 • C) [49,76]. For sludge-derived hydrochar, quartz (SiO 2 ) has also been found as the main crystalline compound [22,98,100,[110][111][112][113]. However, crystalline P phases in hydrochar vary depending on the sludge properties and hydrothermal conditions.…”

Section: P Complexation and Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Xu et al only detected Ca 7 Mg 2 (PO 4 ) 6 as the crystallized P in Ca-rich hydrochar (260 • C for 4 h) [98]. Zheng et al reported AlPO 4 as the main fraction in hydrochar (280 • C for 1 h), with the identification of other types (Ca-P and Fe-P) [100,112]. Another study also showed the dominance of AlPO 4 regardless of the hydrothermal Fig.…”

Section: P Complexation and Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SS = secondary sludge, MPS = mixed primary and secondary sludge, AP = apatite P, NAIP = non-apatite inorganic P, OP = organic P, inorganic P = AP + NAIP. Data sources: Li1 [76], Li2 [49], Liang [62], Li3 [97], Shi [15], Xu [98], Zhai [96], Zhang [99], and Zheng [100].…”

Section: P Complexation and Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phosphorus recovery from municipal sludge-derived ash and hydrochar through wet-chemical technology: A review towards sustainable waste management

Liu

Başar

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

103

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Section: P Complexation and Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: P Complexation and Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phosphorus recovery from municipal sludge-derived ash and hydrochar through wet-chemical technology: A review towards sustainable waste management

Liu

Başar

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

103

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“…Several studies demonstrate the presence of calcium phosphates in biomass ashes/deposits [12], in particular, from olive pit [13][14][15], manure [16], agricultural and forest residues [17], and from bone material [18]. Recently, hydroxlyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAp) was found to be the most frequent mineral phase in sewage sludge ashes [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature phase transformations of hydroxylapatite and the formation of silicocarnotite in the hydroxylapatite–quartz–lime system studied in situ and in operando by Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2022

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Silica-/calcium phosphate ceramics are of high interest in various aspects. On the one hand, they play an important role in medical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the formation and stability properties of the high-temperature products ensures production under controlled conditions. On the other hand, they were identified as sinter deposits in industrial kilns, where it can indicate problems caused by too high combustion temperatures during the thermal combustion processes. Here, we report the results of two Raman heating studies to ~ 1300 °C in 10 °C-steps with nano-crystalline hydroxylapatite (HAp) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and a Raman heating study of natural silicocarnotite (to ~ 1200 °C, 50 °C-steps). The Raman experiments were complemented with thermal analyses. The Raman spectra of nano-crystalline HAp recorded at high temperatures revealed the stepwise loss of adsorbed water and surface-bound OH groups until ~ 570 °C. Significant loss of structural OH started at ~ 770 °C and was completed at ~ 850 °C, when HAp transformed to β-TCP. Between ~ 1220 and ~ 1270 °C, β-TCP was found to transform to α-TCP. The room temperature Raman spectrum of silicocarnotite is characterized by an intense v1(PO4) band at 951 ± 1 cm−1 that shifts to ~ 930 cm−1 at ~ 1200 °C. Using hyperspectral Raman imaging with a micrometer-scale spatial resolution, we were able to monitor in operando and in situ the solid-state reactions in the model system Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2-SiO2-CaO, in particular, the formation of silicocarnotite. In these multi-phase experiments, silicocarnotite was identified at ~ 1150 °C. The results demonstrate that silicocarnotite can form by a reaction between β-TCP and α′L-Ca2SiO4, but also between β-TCP and CaSiO3 with additional formation of quartz.

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“…Moreover, the inclusion of P resources onto the CRMs list should have stimulated development of methods and technologies for P recovery from internal waste resources [9]. The most promising secondary sources of P are wastes produced in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [18], wherein the P recovery potential appears at various stages of waste processing [19], as effluent from the treatment station, leachate (sedimentary liquid) [20,21], sewage sludge (SS) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and sewage sludge ash (SSA) [29,30]. In each of the subsequent waste treatment processes, the volume of substrate used for the P recovery is getting smaller, but the concentration of this element per unit volume is increasing [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Treatment of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA)—Potential and Perspective in Poland

2020

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Phosphorus (P) recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA) is one of the most promising approaches of phosphate rock substitution in mineral fertilizers and might be a sustainable way to secure supply of this raw material in the future. In the current investigation, the process of thermochemical treatment of SSA was applied to SSA coming from selected mono-incineration plants of municipal sewage sludge in Poland (Cracow, Gdansk, Gdynia, Lodz, Kielce and Szczecin). The Polish SSA was thermochemically converted in the presence of sodium (Na) additives and a reducing agent (dried sewage sludge) to obtain secondary raw materials for the production of marketable P fertilizers. The process had a positive impact on the bioavailability of phosphorus and reduced the content of heavy metals in the obtained products. The P solubility in neutral ammonium citrate, an indicator of its bioavailability, was significantly raised from 19.7–45.7% in the raw ashes and 76.5–100% in the thermochemically treated SSA. The content of nutrients in the recyclates was in the range of 15.7–19.2% P2O5, 10.8–14.2% CaO, 3.5–5.4% Na2O, 2.6–3.6% MgO and 0.9–1.3% K2O. The produced fertilizer raw materials meet the Polish norms for trace elements covered by the legislation: the content of lead was in the range 10.2–73.1 mg/kg, arsenic 4.8–22.7 mg/kg, cadmium 0.9–2.8 mg/kg and mercury <0.05 mg/kg. Thus, these products could be potentially directly used for fertilizer production. This work also includes an analysis of the possibilities of using ashes for fertilizer purposes in Poland, based on the assumptions indicated in the adopted strategic and planning documents regarding waste management and fertilizer production.

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Enhanced transformation of phosphorus (P) in sewage sludge to hydroxyapatite via hydrothermal carbonization and calcium-based additive

Cited by 72 publications

References 52 publications

Phosphorus recovery from municipal sludge-derived ash and hydrochar through wet-chemical technology: A review towards sustainable waste management

Phosphorus recovery from municipal sludge-derived ash and hydrochar through wet-chemical technology: A review towards sustainable waste management

High-temperature phase transformations of hydroxylapatite and the formation of silicocarnotite in the hydroxylapatite–quartz–lime system studied in situ and in operando by Raman spectroscopy

Thermochemical Treatment of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA)—Potential and Perspective in Poland

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