“…Moving on to Figure B, the binding energies of 456.3, 457.9, 462.1, and 463.5 eV from the Ti 2p high resolution spectra are attributed to Ti 3+ 2p 3/2 , Ti 4+ 2p 3/2 , Ti 3+ 2p 1/2 , and Ti 4+ 2p 1/2 states consistent with the prior research. From Figure C, the O 1s peak at 527.8 eV corresponding to the bridging oxygen on the surface of the SrTiO 3 /yrGO composite . The participation of oxygen atoms in mediating bonds between Sr and Ti at the interface of yrGO within the SrTiO 3 structure is diminished, leading to the attribution of the peak at 530 eV to oxygen vacancies present within the composite.…”