Enhancement-mode ion-based transistor as a comprehensive interface and real-time processing unit for in vivo electrophysiology

Cea, Claudia; Spyropoulos, George D.; Jastrzebska‐Perfect, Patricia; Ferrero, José Javier; Gelinas, Jennifer N.; Khodagholy, Dion

doi:10.1038/s41563-020-0638-3

Cited by 235 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The cardiac action potential exhibits Reproduced with permission. [94] Copyright 2020, Springer Nature. c) Photograph of the transparent electrophysiology array (3Â5) in a neuron-concentrated area on the cortical surface of optogenetic mice with blue laser stimulation through optical fiber.…”

Section: Biophysical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion‐Gated Transistor: An Enabler for Sensing and Computing Integration

Han

Shang

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the amount of data we involved in our daily life is growing exponentially, which poses significant challenges for data processing and transmission to the conventional terminal sensors that passively acquire external data. Inspired by biological sensory nervous systems, building artificial intelligent sensory systems with both sensing and computing capability is regarded as a promising way to address these challenges, by which the acquired data can be preprocessed locally and timely before transmitting them to the remote server for further processing. Ion-gated transistors (IGTs), which have been widely used in sensors and have been recently investigated for neuromorphic computing, exhibit great potential in this domain. Herein, the essential operation principles, device structures, and electrical characteristics of IGT are introduced, and the recent developments in biosensors, neuromorphic computing, and intelligent sensors with near-sensor computing and in-sensor computing modes are summarized. To conclude, the current challenges and future development of IGT for intelligent sensory systems are presented.

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Section: Biophysical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion‐Gated Transistor: An Enabler for Sensing and Computing Integration

Han

Shang

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…Because organics and nanomaterials possess many other favorable features, such as materials design versatility and unique electrochemical properties, [ 15 ] there is great interest in solving their processing and performance issues. [ 1l ] Additionally, recent emergence of ionotronics incorporating ionically conductive materials, [ 16 ] many of which are intrinsically flexible and stretchable (e.g., hydrogels, [ 17 ] ionic liquids), opens up more opportunities for flexible devices functioning based on mixed electronic and ionic mechanisms. [ 18 ] Overall, the development of flexible electronics is accompanied by a continuously diversifying materials library, incorporating more disordered and organic materials.…”

Section: A Diversifying Library Of Materials and Manufacturing Technomentioning

confidence: 99%

Devising Materials Manufacturing Toward Lab‐to‐Fab Translation of Flexible Electronics

et al. 2020

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Flexible electronics have witnessed exciting progress in academia over the past decade, but most of the research outcomes have yet to be translated into products or gain much market share. For mass production and commercialization, industrial adoption of newly developed functional materials and fabrication techniques is a prerequisite. However, due to the disparate features of academic laboratories and industrial plants, translating materials and manufacturing technologies from labs to fabs is notoriously difficult. Therefore, herein, key challenges in the materials manufacturing of flexible electronics are identified and discussed for its lab‐to‐fab translation, along the four stages in product manufacturing: design, materials supply, processing, and integration. Perspectives on industry‐oriented strategies to overcome some of these obstacles are also proposed. Priorities for action are outlined, including standardization, iteration between basic and applied research, and adoption of smart manufacturing. With concerted efforts from academia and industry, flexible electronics will bring a bigger impact to society as promised.

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“…Furthermore, the integration of different devices to increase the performance or provide new functionality to the device is an emerging topic. [15,19,130] Among these devices, slow response time and low signal-to-noise ratio have been obstacles to following up the frequency of biosignals and differentiating meaningful signals. However, this has been solved by developing enhancement-mode PEDOT:PSS with a very fast response time using ion-gated OECT (Figure 4f).…”

Section: Electroactive Signal Recordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Polymeric Mixed Conductors and Their Application to Electrochemical‐Transistor‐Based Biosensors

Kim

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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of biomedical use, the prerequisite of mixed conductors is extended to biocompatibility and long-term stability in vivo. Recently, remarkable advances have been made in materials research, and considerable efforts have been invested to satisfy these demands. [32-35] Despite a good number of review articles on organic bioelectronics and OECTs, only a few reviews have focused on the correlation between the molecular structures of mixed conductors and the performance/stability of resultant OECTs as biosensors. In this article, we review the relationship among intramolecular/intermolecular structures, properties, and stability, and provide the suggested ideal structures for high-performance stable OECT-based biosensors. The first part covers mixed conduction by comparing OECTs and electrolyte-gated transistors. Subsequently, we discuss the structure of the most well-known mixed conductor, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and the chemical aspects of other ion-permeable conjugated polymers. Next, we address the recent biomedical applications of OECTs to determine the prerequisites for their high device performance and stability in terms of biochemical sensing and bioelectric signal recording in vivo. The last part depicts the structural design criteria investigated in recent publications and, finally, the suggested perspective on the promising chemical structures and the outlook are provided. 2. Organic Electrochemical Transistors Generally, an OECT employs an electrolyte solution/gel for channel current modulation using gate biases. Seemingly, it operates similar to an electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor (EGOFET). However, the actual working principle is different; therefore, understanding their differences provides a clear concept of OECTs. In this section, the differences between these two devices are addressed, and the relevant material characteristics that can aid OECT operation are suggested. Finally, the advantages of OECT over EGOFET are discussed in light of the aforementioned features. In EGOFET, a bias applied to the polarizable gate electrode induces the migration of ions in the electrolyte, and the ions form an electrical double layer at both the gate-electrolyte and electrolyte-channel interfaces (Scheme 1, left) because the active layer is ion-impermeable. [36-39] Due to the electrical Organic electrochemical transistors that employ polymeric mixed conductors as their active channels are one of the most prominent biosensor platforms because of their signal amplification capability, low fabrication cost, mechanical flexibility, and various properties tunable through molecular design. For application to biomedical devices, polymeric mixed conductors should fulfill several requirements, such as excellent conductivities of both holes/electrons and ions, long-term operation stability, and decent biocompatibility. However, trade-offs may exist, for instance, one between ionic conduction and overall device stability. In this report, the fundamental un...

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Enhancement-mode ion-based transistor as a comprehensive interface and real-time processing unit for in vivo electrophysiology

Cited by 235 publications

References 44 publications

Ion‐Gated Transistor: An Enabler for Sensing and Computing Integration

Ion‐Gated Transistor: An Enabler for Sensing and Computing Integration

Devising Materials Manufacturing Toward Lab‐to‐Fab Translation of Flexible Electronics

Designing Polymeric Mixed Conductors and Their Application to Electrochemical‐Transistor‐Based Biosensors

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