Enhancement of 4-Acetylantroquinonol B Production by Supplementation of Its Precursor during Submerged Fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea

Abstract

The antiproliferation activity of the ethanol extract of A. cinnamomea mycelium on hepatocellular cancer cells HepG2 was found to be associated with aroma intensity of the broth during fermentation. We hypothesized that some of the volatile compounds are the precursors of the key bioactive component 4-acetylantroquinonol B of this fungus. The major volatile compounds of A. cinnamomea were identified by GC/MS, and they are oct-1-en-3-ol, linalool, methyl phenylacetate, nerolidol, γ-cadinene and 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA). TMBA and nerolidol were further selected and used as supplements during fermentation. It was found that both of them could increase the production of 4-acetylantroquinonol B and enhance the antiproliferation activity of the fungus. In addition, the TMBA was identified as the most promising supplement for increasing the bioactivity of A. cinnamomea during cultivation.

4-Acetylantroquinonol B inhibits colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and suppresses cancer stem-like phenotype

“…6). 4-AAQB was identified as the most promising supplement for increasing the bioactivity of A. cinnamomea during cultivation (Chiang et al, 2013;Hsieh et al, 2011). However, the effects of 4-AAQB on cancer-initiating cells have not been reported.…”

Enhancement of antroquinonol production during batch fermentation using pH control coupled with an oxygen vector

“…Nerolidol has a similar structure to the polyisoprene side chain of antroquinonol. Chiang et al . demonstrated a successful approach to increasing the production of 4‐acetylantroquinonol B with the addition of nerolidol.…”

“…Nerolidol has a similar structure to the polyisoprene side chain of antroquinonol. Chiang et al 46 demonstrated a successful approach to increasing the production of 4-acetylantroquinonol B with the addition of nerolidol. They speculated that, according to the mevalonate pathway, excessive nerolidol leads to the accumulation of farnesyl diphosphate, which would be transferred to hyrdroxybenzoate or trimethoxybenzaldehyde.…”

Genetic evidence for the requirements of antroquinonol biosynthesis byAntrodia camphorataduring liquid-state fermentation

“…UQ0 upregulates the expression of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and provides a methyl group for the biosynthesis of AQ (Hu et al, 2016 ). Moreover, UQ0 induces the biosynthesis of 4-acetyl-AQ (Chiang et al, 2013 ). The quinone ring of AQ and 4-acetyl-AQ are synthesized via the polyketide pathway (Chou et al, 2017 ).…”