Enhancement of anisotropy energy of SmCo5 by ceasing the coupling at 2c sites in the crystal lattice with Cu substitution

Haider, Syed Kamran; Ngo, Hieu Minh; Kim, Dong-Soo; Kang, Young Soo

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89331-z

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There are two sites where Cu can substitute Co, namely, Co 2c and Co 3g , as shown in Figure 5 . 33 As the thin film microstructure is similar in all cases predominantly 1:5, we assume that extrinsic contributions to the coercivity are comparable—but with the exception of the distribution of the substitutional element copper. The Cu distribution will be addressed in Section 3.4 .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo_5–xCu_x Thin Films

Gkouzia,

Günzing,

Xie

et al. 2023

Inorg. Chem.

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This work investigates the effect of copper substitution on the magnetic properties of SmCo5 thin films synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy. A series of thin films with varying concentrations of Cu were grown under otherwise identical conditions to disentangle structural and compositional effects on the magnetic behavior. The combined experimental and theoretical studies show that Cu substitution at the Co3g sites not only stabilizes the formation of the SmCo5 structure but also enhances magnetic anisotropy and coercivity. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Sm(Co4Cu3g)5 possesses a higher single-ion anisotropy as compared to pure SmCo5. In addition, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals that Cu substitution causes an increasing decoupling of the Sm 4f and Co 3d moments. Scanning transmission electron microscopy confirms predominantly SmCo5 phase formation and reveals nanoscale inhomogeneities in the Cu and Co distribution. Our study based on thin film model systems and advanced characterization as well as modeling reveals novel aspects of the complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to magnetic hysteresis in rare-earth-based magnets, i.e., the combination of increased intrinsic anisotropy due to Cu substitution and the extrinsic effect of inhomogeneous elemental distribution of Cu and Co.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo_5–xCu_x Thin Films

Gkouzia,

Günzing,

Xie

et al. 2023

Inorg. Chem.

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“…4 ). CaO produced during R-D process significantly reduces the magnetic properties of the produced magnetic particles 34 . BH max of the (Nd–Pr) 1.5 Dy 0.5 Fe 14 B was improved up to 11.45 MGOe (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel eco-friendly low cost and energy efficient synthesis of (Nd–Pr–Dy)2Fe14B magnetic powder from monazite concentrate

Haider

Lee

Pawar

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Syntheses of Nd2Fe14B magnetic powder by conventional method is a complicated multi-step process, which produces harmful pollutants and consumes a huge amount of energy and resources. Herein we report a simple chemical route for the preparation of (Nd–Pr)2Fe14B magnetic powder using monazite concentrate as a precursor. Th, U, Sm, and La impurities were removed from monazite leachate by roasting, solvent extraction and leaching the concentrate. Purified leachate consisting of Nd and Pr Chlorides was added to the FeCl3 solution, and the solution produced was co-precipitated with NaOH. RE and Fe hydroxide precipitates were converted to the oxides by annealing at 700 °C. Boric acid and CaH2 were added in the RE and Fe oxides produced, and this mixture was reduced and diffused to (Nd–Pr)2Fe14B. Magnetic properties of the (Nd–Pr)2Fe14B produced were enhanced by introducing antiferromagnetic coupling, induced by Dy addition and efficient removal of CaO byproduct through ball milling in ethanol which increased the BHmax from 3.9 to 11.45 MGOe. Process reported is energy efficient, environment-friendly, time saving and low-cost.

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“…In all these cases, elevated thermal treatment was applied. A more recent work deals with these problems using reduction diffusion to synthesis, with improved energy and time efficiency compared to the previous metallurgical methods [56]. In this study, Haider et al applied an optimized chemical method that is more energy-efficient for the synthesis of Cu-substituted SmCo 5 compounds.…”

Section: Substitution Of Cu and Other Transition Or Non-transition El...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Production of Cost-Effective Modification of SmCo5-Type Alloys Suitable for Permanent Magnets

Gjoka,

Sarafidis,

Giaremis

2024

Materials

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SmCo5 constitutes one of the strongest classes of permanent magnets, which exhibit magnetocrystalline anisotropy with uniaxial character and enormous energy and possess high Curie temperature. However, the performance of SmCo5 permanent magnets is hindered by a limited energy product and relatively high supply risk. Sm is a moderately expensive element within the lanthanide group, while Co is a more expensive material than Fe, making SmCo5-based permanent magnets among the most expensive materials in the group. Subsequently, the need for new materials with less content in critical and thus expensive resources is obvious. A promising path of producing new compounds that meet these requirements is the chemical modification of established materials used in PM towards the reduction of expensive resources, for example, reducing Co content with transition metals (like Fe, Ni) or using as substitutes raw rare earth materials with greater abundance than global demand, like Ce and La. Important instruments to achieve these goals are theoretical calculations, such as ab initio methods and especially DFT-based calculations, in predicting possible stable RE-TM intermetallic compounds and their magnetic properties. This review aims to present the progress of recent years in the production of improved SmCo5-type magnets.

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Enhancement of anisotropy energy of SmCo5 by ceasing the coupling at 2c sites in the crystal lattice with Cu substitution

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo_5–xCu_x Thin Films

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo_5–xCu_x Thin Films

Novel eco-friendly low cost and energy efficient synthesis of (Nd–Pr–Dy)2Fe14B magnetic powder from monazite concentrate

Towards Production of Cost-Effective Modification of SmCo5-Type Alloys Suitable for Permanent Magnets

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Enhancement of anisotropy energy of SmCo5 by ceasing the coupling at 2c sites in the crystal lattice with Cu substitution

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo5–xCux Thin Films

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo5–xCux Thin Films

Novel﻿ eco-friendly low cost and energy efficient synthesis of (Nd–Pr–Dy)2Fe14B magnetic powder from monazite concentrate

Towards Production of Cost-Effective Modification of SmCo5-Type Alloys Suitable for Permanent Magnets

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About

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo_5–xCu_x Thin Films

Element-Specific Study of Magnetic Anisotropy and Hardening in SmCo_5–xCu_x Thin Films

Novel eco-friendly low cost and energy efficient synthesis of (Nd–Pr–Dy)2Fe14B magnetic powder from monazite concentrate