Enhancement of antibacterial and anticancer properties of pure and REM doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Gymnema sylvestre leaves extract

Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) (K1) doped with rare earth metals (REM) such as lanthanum doped ZnO (K2), cerium doped ZnO (K3) and neodymium doped ZnO (K4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by green method using Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) leaves extract as reducing as well as capping agent and this method was also one of the alternatives to conventional physical and chemical methods. The synthesized K1, K2, K3 and K4 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) techniques and electron para magnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The K1, K2, K3 and K4 samples were tested against clinical pathogens such as gram positive G+ (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and gram negative G− (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) bacterial strains using well diffusion method. The K2 sample shows higher antibacterial effect when compared to K1, K3 and K4 samples. In vitro cytotoxicity effect was analysed for A498 (human kidney carcinoma) cell line and normal vero (African monkey kidney) cell lines.

Exploring the Journey of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward Biomedical Applications

“… The mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of green ZnO-NPs. ( A ) Cytotoxic action of La-doped ZnO-NPs causes cell death [ 195 ]. ( B ) The development of DOX-FA-ZnO NS is a unique breast cancer treatment drug delivery system [ 195 ].…”

Photocatalytic dye degradation and photoexcited anti-microbial activities of green zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesizedvia Sargassum muticumextracts

“…42,43 Emission at 465 nm assigned to the blue emission band may be due to a singly ionized Zn + vacancy. 44 Raman spectra (Fig. 2d) of prepared ZnO nanoparticles were recorded in the 200-1200 cm À1 range.…”

Comprehensive Review on Phytochemicals, Pharmacological and Clinical Potentials of Gymnema sylvestre

“…Antibacterial activity of gymnemic acid, a triterpene saponin, isolated from Gymnema sylvestre was also studied against E. coli and B. cereus and it was found active against the microbes (Shivanna and Raveesha, 2009). Recently, antimicrobial properties of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract have been enhanced using poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibers (Ramalingam et al, 2019) or by using ZnO nanoparticles (Karthikeyan et al, 2019). Gymnema sylvestre with ZnO nanoparticles was found to be effective against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and gram negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris bacterial strains (Karthikeyan et al, 2019).…”

“…Recently, antimicrobial properties of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract have been enhanced using poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibers (Ramalingam et al, 2019) or by using ZnO nanoparticles (Karthikeyan et al, 2019). Gymnema sylvestre with ZnO nanoparticles was found to be effective against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and gram negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris bacterial strains (Karthikeyan et al, 2019). Using poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibers with this plant was potently active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli (Ramalingam et al, 2019).…”