Enhancement of bandwidth in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometers with amplitude-modulated light

Tang, Junjian; Liu, Ying; Wang, Yaxiang; Zhou, Binquan; Han, Bangcheng; Zhai, Yueyang; Liu, Gang

doi:10.1063/5.0080764

Cited by 43 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although it is acknowledged that atomic magnetometers of this kind may replace traditional SQUID systems in the near future for various medical applications, challenges still exist including mass multi-sensor alignment and high sensitive SERF magnetometers (with sensitivity down to femtotesla); in addition, the current and heat of VCSEL near alkali vapor cell may couple with the electro-heat-magnetic system (of the vapor cell). Studies have been done in which fiber-optic approach is applied as a light source, which ends up with similar sensitivity while introducing the bulk DFB laser system [ 149 ]. Nevertheless, based on published knowledge, VCSEL integration in atomic magnetometers as light sources showed outstanding advantages in terms of portability, industrialization, and cost performance (over 90% reduction compared to the fiber-optic approach).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of VCSEL in Bio-Sensing Atomic Magnetometers

et al. 2022

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Recent years have seen rapid development of chip-scale atomic devices due to their great potential in the field of biomedical imaging, namely chip-scale atomic magnetometers that enable high resolution magnetocardiography (MCG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). For atomic devices of this kind, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have become the most crucial components as integrated pumping sources, which are attracting growing interest. In this paper, the application of VCSELs in chip-scale atomic devices are reviewed, where VCSELs are integrated in various atomic bio-sensing devices with different operating environments. Secondly, the mode and polarization control of VCSELs in the specific applications are reviewed with their pros and cons discussed. In addition, various packaging of VCSEL based on different atomic devices in pursuit of miniaturization and precision measurement are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the VCSEL-based chip-scale atomic magnetometers utilized for cardiac and brain magnetometry are reviewed in detail. Nowadays, biosensors with chip integration, low power consumption, and high sensitivity are undergoing rapid industrialization, due to the growing market of medical instrumentation and portable health monitoring. It is promising that VCSEL-integrated chip-scale atomic biosensors as featured applications of this kind may experience extensive development in the near future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of VCSEL in Bio-Sensing Atomic Magnetometers

et al. 2022

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“…The response information can be extracted from the optical rotation angle θ through the balanced polarimetry technique. [29] Truncating the Taylor series expansion of the result appropriately, we can get…”

Section: Theoretical Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust method for performance evaluation of the vapor cell for magnetometry

Li¹,

Zou²,

Yin³

et al. 2023

Chinese Phys. B

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A robust performance evaluation method for vapor cells used in magnetometers is proposed in this work. The performance of the vapor cell determines the magnetic measurement sensitivity, which is the core parameter of the magnetometer. After establishing the relationship between the intrinsic sensitivity and the total relaxation rate, the total relaxation rate of the vapor cell can be obtained to represent the intrinsic sensitivity of the magnetometer by fitting the parameters of the magnetic resonance experiments. The total relaxation rate measurement method based on the magnetic resonance experiment proposed in this work is robust and insensitive to ambient noise. Experiments show that compared with the conventional sensitivity measurement, the total relaxation rate affected by magnetic noise below 0.9 nT, pump light frequency noise below 1.5 GHz, pump light power noise below 9%, probe light power noise below 3%, and 150±3 ℃ temperature fluctuation deviates less than 2% from the noise-free situation. This robust performance evaluation method for vapor cells is conducive to construct a multi-channel high spatial resolution cardio-encephalography system.

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“…Alkali metal atoms are pumped using circularly polarized light, while the atomic spin rotation induced by an external magnetic field is detected using linearly polarized light. [17,18] Based on this configuration, Dang et al achieved a magnetic field sensitivity of 0.16 fT•Hz −1/2 in a gradiometer configuration with a measurement volume of 0.45 cm 3 in 2010. [19] To date, numerous researchers continue their efforts to enhance the performance of SERF magnetometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance optimization of a SERF atomic magnetometer based on flat-top light beam

Yuan 袁,

Tang 唐,

Lin 林

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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In this study, we explore the impact of pumping beams with different transverse intensity profiles on the performance of the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers (AMs). We conduct experiments comparing the traditional Gaussian optically-pumped AM with that utilizing the flat-top optically-pumped (FTOP) method. Our findings reveal that the FTOP-based approach outperforms the conventional method, exhibiting a larger response, a narrower magnetic resonance linewidth, and a superior low-frequency noise performance. Specifically, the use of FTOP method leads to a 16% enhancement in average sensitivity within 1-30 Hz frequency range. Our research emphasizes the significance of achieving transverse polarization uniformity in AMs, providing insights for future optimization efforts and sensitivity improvements in miniaturized magnetometers.

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Enhancement of bandwidth in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometers with amplitude-modulated light

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Application of VCSEL in Bio-Sensing Atomic Magnetometers

Application of VCSEL in Bio-Sensing Atomic Magnetometers

A robust method for performance evaluation of the vapor cell for magnetometry

Performance optimization of a SERF atomic magnetometer based on flat-top light beam

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