Enhancement of bioactivity and osseointegration in Ti-6Al-4V orthodontic mini-screws coated with calcium phosphate on the TiO₂ nanotube layer

Abstract

Objective This study evaluated the effect of cyclic pre-calcification treatment on the improvement of bioactivity and osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V mini-screws. Methods The experimental groups were an untreated group (UT), an anodized and heat-treated group (AH), and an anodized treatment followed by cyclic pre-calcification treatment group (ASPH). A bioactive material with calcium phosphate was coated on the mini-screws, and its effects on bioactivity and osseointegration were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo tests of following implantation in the rat tibia. Results As a result of immersing the ASPH group in simulated body fluid for 2 days, protrusions appearing in the initial stage of hydroxyapatite precipitation were observed. On the 3rd day, the protrusions became denser, other protrusions overlapped and grew on it, and the calcium and phosphorus concentrations increased. The removal torque values increased significantly in the following order UT group (2.08 ± 0.67 N·cm), AH group (4.10 ± 0.72 N·cm), and ASPH group (6.58 ± 0.66 N·cm) with the ASPH group showing the highest value ( p < 0.05). In the ASPH group, new bone was observed that was connected to the threads, and it was confirmed that a bony bridge connected to the adjacent bone was formed. Conclusions In conclusion, it was found that the surface treatment method used in the ASPH group improved the bioactivity and osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V orthodontic mini-screws.

Electrodeposition of Zn and Cu Nanoparticles into TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti6Al4V: Antimicrobial Effect against S. Epidermidis and Cytotoxicity Assessment

“…On the other hand, MC3T3-E1 cells are frequently used for annealed TiO 2 nanotubes grown on commercially pure Ti alloys with no reports on unexpected cytotoxic effects [49,94,95]. Moreover, TiO 2 nanotubes produced on the surface of screws and implants of the Ti6Al4V alloy and annealed in similar conditions as described in this work, showed an enhanced bioactivity and osseointegration when implanted in vivo, with no cytotoxic effects [96][97][98]. Human body fluids are rich in organic substances of low molecular weight and polymeric compounds of relatively high molecular weight, such as amino acids, soluble proteins, and traces of cellular debris that may have a role in the concentration of metal ions in the vicinity of the implant.…”

Effects of Common Surface Modifications on the Mechanical Properties of Miniscrews: A Systematic Review

“…In the remaining 14 studies, differences were found between the stability of the machined surface and other surface treatments [27,28,30,[33][34][35][36]38,39,[41][42][43]. Unlike other acid-etched studies, Jang et al [33] immersed miniscrews with acid-etched surfaces in calcium chloride solution.…”

“…Compared to the control group, MRT values measured at 3 and 6 weeks were higher in the surface treatment group. Byeon et al [35] evaluated the contribution of cyclic precalcification treatment to osseointegration and the bioactivity of miniscrews. The experimental groups of this study were as follows: anodized and heat-treated group; anodized, heat-treated and cyclic pre-calcification treatment group; and control group.…”

“…Two [37,43] of the articles included in the review were assessed as high quality with a score of 6/6 points. Two studies [30,35] were classified as low quality. Additionally, nine articles [26][27][28][29]33,34,38,40,42] were considered to have a moderate risk of bias, scoring between three and four points (Table 3).…”

Effects of Addition of Lanthanum and Zinc Oxides on the Biological Properties of TiO2–SiO2–P2O5/CaO on Ion Exchange Resin for Bone Implantation

“…The addition of TiO 2 can stabilize the phosphate lattice of calcium phosphate materials. It has been reported that TiO 2 can improve chemical stability and module of elasticity and increase the viscosity of calcium phosphate systems. − …”