Enhancement of carbofuran degradation by immobilized Bacillus sp. strain DT1

Abstract

The widespread application of carbofuran has raised increasing concerns about health damage and environmental pollution. To degrade carbofuran in liquid and soil media, Bacillus sp. strain DT1 was isolated from soil. The isolated bacterial strain used the compound as a sole source of carbon and energy. Using rice straw as a material for bacteria immobilization resulting in 97.5% of the insecticide was degraded in a biofilm-batch reactor at the 3rd cycle, which was about 20% higher than using glass slides for immobilization. The chemical degradation in soils by bacteria immobilized in rice straw was also from 12.5% to 19.8% higher than by free counterparts. Furthermore, the dissipation rates in the previously-treated soils were higher than those in the untreated soils. Besides, the degradation of carbofuran by Bacillus sp. DT1 produced 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbofuran 7-phenol and 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methypropan-2-ol) phenol as intermediate products. These findings demonstrated that Bacillus sp. DT1 immobilized in rice straw has a high potential for bioaugmentation of carbofuran in biofilm-batch reactor and in soils.

Effects of augmentation with \(\textit{Bacillus}\) sp. DT1 on carbonfuran degradation and bacterial community in soil

“…In our previous report, Bacillus sp. DT1 isolated from soil showed effective degradation of carbofuran in liquid media and soil (Duc, 2022). In this study, the enhancement of carbofuran degradation in soil by augmentation with Bacillus sp.…”

“…DT1 increased carbofuran degradation in soil (Duc, 2022). In this context, about 32.8 ± 6.0% carbofuran has remained in soil without herbicide history, and 19.7 ± 3.9% carbofuran has remained in soil with herbicide history (Duc, 2022). Similarly, Trabue et al (2001) showed that the increase in soil degradation of carbofuran was caused by repeated application of the pesticide.…”

“…In a previous report, the augmentation with Bacillus sp. DT1 increased carbofuran degradation in soil (Duc, 2022). In this context, about 32.8 ± 6.0% carbofuran has remained in soil without herbicide history, and 19.7 ± 3.9% carbofuran has remained in soil with herbicide history (Duc, 2022).…”

“…MH109504.1), was used in this study. The mineral medium (MM) with the components described in a previous study (Duc, 2022) was used to cultivate bacteria. The medium was added with carbofuran (120 mg/L), glucose (1.0 g/L) and ammonium sulfate (1.0 g/L).…”

Effects of the Pesticide Carbofuran on Two Species of Chlorophyceae (Desmodesmus communis and Pseudopediastrum boryanum) and Their Pesticide Bioremediation Ability

“…Some studies report the biodegradation of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides by green microalgae and cyanobacteria (see Avila et al, 2021; Encarnação et al, 2021; García‐Galán et al, 2020; Kalra et al, 2020). Regarding the biodegradation of the insecticide carbofuran, studies involving bacteria are predominant (Duc, 2022; Malhotra et al, 2021; Mishra et al, 2020; Mustapha et al, 2020), whereas there are no studies in the literature that report the bioremediation of carbofuran through microalgae. The use of these organisms has advantages because they are efficient, economically viable, and sustainable (Kalra et al, 2020).…”