Enhancement of direct methanol fuel cell performance through the inclusion of zirconium phosphate

Ozden, Adnan; Ercelik, Mustafa; Özdemir, Yağmur; Devrim, Yılser; Çolpan, C. Özgür

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.188

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Hou et al used H 3 PO 4 as a filler that formed hydrogen bonds with ─N═ in the imidazole ring of the PBI film, resulting in the conductivity of this membrane proton. The ZrP particles inside the matrix polymers increase the proton conductivity contributed by the Zr atom and the atomic oxygen atom in inorganic proton‐conductive groups (eg, OH‐PO 3 ) …”

Section: Functional Properties Of Membrane Affected By Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ZrP particles inside the matrix polymers increase the proton conductivity contributed by the Zr atom and the atomic oxygen atom in inorganic protonconductive groups (eg, OH-PO 3 ). 170 Liu et al 117 stated that two mechanisms are involved in proton conductivity by PBIOH-ILS composite membranes, namely, the Grotthuss and vehicle mechanisms. In the Grotthuss mechanism, protons move by jumping from phosphoric acid molecules through ILS nanoparticles and the imidazole ring of polymer chains.…”

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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Summary Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.

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Section: Functional Properties Of Membrane Affected By Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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“…Layer-structured zirconium hydrogen phosphate (Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O) (“ZrP”) has a protonic conductivity of the order of 10 −7 –10 −3 S/cm depending on the phase composition, structure and hydration state [71,72]. A remarkable proton conductivity of 218 mS/cm at 80 °C with 100% RH has been reported for Nafion/ZrP composite as a consequence of enhanced water uptake, which could be explained by the hydrophilicity of ZrP particles, providing additional proton-conducting moieties in the membrane [73]. Yang et al [72] further suggested that ZrP forms an internal rigid scaffold within the membrane that permits increased water uptake.…”

Section: Long Side Chain Pfsa Polymer: Nafion-based Composite Membmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Membranes for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells and Electrolysers: A Critical Review

et al. 2019

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Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and electrolysers offer efficient use and production of hydrogen for emission-free transport and sustainable energy systems. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes like Nafion® and Aquivion® are the state-of-the-art PEMs, but there is a need to increase the operating temperature to improve mass transport, avoid catalyst poisoning and electrode flooding, increase efficiency, and reduce the cost and complexity of the system. However, PSFAs-based membranes exhibit lower mechanical and chemical stability, as well as proton conductivity at lower relative humidities and temperatures above 80 °C. One approach to sustain performance is to introduce inorganic fillers and improve water retention due to their hydrophilicity. Alternatively, polymers where protons are not conducted as hydrated H3O+ ions through liquid-like water channels as in the PSFAs, but as free protons (H+) via Brønsted acid sites on the polymer backbone, can be developed. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) and sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) are such materials, but need considerable acid doping. Different composites are being investigated to solve some of the accompanying problems and reach sufficient conductivities. Herein, we critically discuss a few representative investigations of composite PEMs and evaluate their significance. Moreover, we present advances in introducing electronic conductivity in the polymer binder in the catalyst layers.

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“…This restriction originates from unsuitableness of the archetypal membranes and ionomers for high-temperature operation (i.e., long-side chain (LSC) membranes and ionomers), since they are typically made of perfluorosulfonic acid. Dupont's Nafion ® can be given as a good example of these ionomers and membranes, in which proton transport is governed by "Vehicular" and "Grotthus" mechanisms [7,8] the mechanisms function only well in the presence of adequate water, unlikely to be seen at high temperatures [9]. Recently, several alternatives, known as short-side chain (SSC) ionomers and membranes, have been introduced into the fuel cell market to make fuel cells viable for high-temperature operation (see [10], for example).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation Of Short-Side-Chain Ionomer And Membrane For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Shahgaldi¹,

Ozden²,

Li³

2018

Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have been progressively designed to become suitable for hightemperature operation to achieve further performance improvements. However, the current state-of-the-art fuel cell materials, such as long-side-chain (LSC) ionomers and membranes, are not suitable for high-temperature operation, requiring development and investigation of alternative materials. In this study, short-side-chain (SSC) membrane and ionomer are considered as potential materials, and performance of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) manufactured with the SSC ionomer and membrane is experimentally investigated in a scaled-up fuel cell (45 cm 2 ). Comparison is made with an MEA based on the LSC ionomer and membrane under identical preparation and testing conditions. The catalyst layers (CLs) made of either SSC or LSC ionomer are characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand their surface morphology and microstructure. Results show that the SSC ionomer embedded in the CL provides much more uniform surface morphology and well-proportioned microstructural characteristics than its LSC counterpart. Further, the MEA based on SSC ionomer and membrane demonstrates considerable performance superiorities under all the applied operating conditions. Furthermore, the performance of the MEA based on the SSC ionomer and membrane is found to be less sensitive to changes in operating conditions.

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Enhancement of direct methanol fuel cell performance through the inclusion of zirconium phosphate

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Composite Membranes for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells and Electrolysers: A Critical Review

Investigation Of Short-Side-Chain Ionomer And Membrane For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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