A heat resistant and flame-retardant polysulfonamide/polypropylene composite nonwoven has been developed and exploited as an advanced separator for high performance lithium ion battery via melt-blown spinning followed by a phase-inversion process. It was manifested that such composite nonwoven exhibited improved flame retardance, superior thermal resistance and better electrolyte wettability as compared to commercialized polypropylene separator. It was also demonstrated that the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 )/graphite cells employing the composite separator possessed better rate capability and superior cycling stability than those of polypropylene separator. Furthermore, this study verified the beneficial impact of polysulfonamide/polypropylene composite separator with respect to commercial polypropylene separator on cycle performance of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 )/lithium (Li) cells even at an elevated temperature of 120 • C. These fascinating results suggest that such composite nonwoven is promising separator for high performance lithium ion battery. Lithium ion battery (LIB) is considered to be the most promising technology for electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to its high-energy density, high-specific energy, low self-discharge rate, and long lifetime cycle.1-5 Among the components in lithium ion battery, the separator is a critical component for battery performance and also crucial for battery safety. The separator separates positive electrode and negative electrode while permitting the rapid diffusion of lithium ions through electrolyte.6,7 Microporous polyolefin-based separators, such as polyethylene and polypropylene membranes, have been commercially used as major separators for LIB because of satisfactory mechanical property, excellent chemical stability and good thermal shutdown properties. [8][9][10] The thermal shutdown property of the microporous separators could cut off the thermal runaway at the shutdown temperature.6 However, the microporous polyolefin separators often suffered from severe thermal shrinkage above melting temperature when the elevated temperature kept a little long time, which could cause direct contact between cathode and anode and finally result in short circuit of lithium battery.11 Meanwhile, the microporous polyolefin separators have been proven to cause poor electrolyte wettability problems, which lead to an increase in cell resistance and would restrict the battery performance.12,13 Tremendous efforts have been made to improve the overall properties of commercial polyolefin separators.14-17 One strategy was to incorporate inorganic nanoparticles into microporous polyethylene membrane (PE) or polypropylene membrane (PP) and the other one was to coat high performance polymers onto commercial separator surface. As a matter of fact, ceramic nanoparticles coating suffered from insufficient adhesion to polymer matrix, which could lead to the particles detached from separators' surface and generate a non-uniform current density across the electrodes during c...