Objectives: To develop an energy efficient routing protocol using SA-LEACH to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Methods: The Simulated Annealing (SA) and LEACH algorithms are used to optimize the energy and maximize the active period of the network nodes. Here, initially the selection of the cluster head will be chosen by LEACH protocol; however, it is further investigated by SA algorithm to get better neighboring node (if exist) when compared with the selected one cluster head. Findings: There is an improvement in the throughput by 5.25%, 30% when compared with EE-LEACH and LEACH algorithms respectively. Also, energy is improved by 11.11% and 23.07% when compared to EE-LEACH and LEACH respectively. The performance of the designed algorithm has well suited for Coal mine industry, in which large number of sensor nodes is deployed to monitor the situation of the coal mine, continuously. Novelty: The designed algorithm is simple and effective. Furthermore, the proposed approach can enhance the rural healthcare monitoring system.