Enhancement of Fat Graft Survival by Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Abstract

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are capable of improving fat graft survival; bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are more potent than expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for doing so.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improve the survival of transplanted fat grafts

“…6 and 7). These observations are also in agreement with the findings of previous studies, demonstrating a link between neovascularization and improved fat graft survival (8,16,35). …”

“…Furthermore, Aygit et al (29) revealed that revascularization of fat grafts occurred 48 h post-transplantation, indicating that it is too late for the survival of adipocytes. Various approaches for accelerating angiogenesis have been successfully undertaken to enhance fat survival post-transplantation, including the administration of basic fibroblast growth factors, interleukin-8 and erythropoietin (11,30,31); VEGF-based gene therapy (8,32); and endothelial cell and MSC therapies (13,16,33). …”

“…At present, the generally accepted explanation for the decreasing fat volume is insufficient blood supply following transplantation (8–10). Therapeutic approaches that stimulate angiogenesis, including co-transplanting fat with proangiogenic growth factors, endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources, have significantly improved fat graft retention (11–16). Such co-transplanted cells likely promote neovascularization via the paracrine action of proangiogenic factors, a mechanism that has also been observed during the treatment of other ischemic diseases (17–19).…”

Improvement of Fat Graft Survival with Autologous Bone Marrow Aspirate and Bone Marrow Concentrate: A One-Step Method

“…Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery • April 2016 expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are both beneficial for fat graft survival. 11 However, the bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow concentrate used in this study contain diverse cell contents rather than a single component as in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, harvest is more convenient and timesaving for bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow concentrate than for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.…”

“…6,[9][10][11] Even though enhancement of the survival rate has been proved, this technique still possesses potential risks and limitations. The culture and expansion of stem cells are time-consuming and expensive, and the risks of infection and immunologic rejection are increased.…”