Enhancement of First Cycle Coulombic Efficiency of Hard Carbon Derived from Eucalyptus in a Sodium Ion Battery

Nakabayashi, Koji; Yi, Hyeonseok; Ryu, Dong Yeon; Chung, Dabin; Miyawaki, Jin; Yoon, Seong Ho

doi:10.1246/cl.190230

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The VS‐1200 HC delivered a high reversible capacity (270 mAh g −1 at 0.03 A g −1 ), a more than acceptable ICE of 71 %, and an impressive cycling stability (97 % capacity retention after 315 cycles at 0.1 A g −1 ). This performance is comparable to that reported in the literature for other woody biomass‐derived HCs synthesized at 1400 °C, with reversible capacities in the range of 226–337 mAh g −1 at 0.03 A g −1 [16,43,65,66] . The three‐stage mechanism consisting in adsorption, intercalation, and pore filling was also corroborated from combined GITT measurements and textural characterization outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This performance is comparable to that reported in the literature for other woody biomass-derived HCs synthesized at 1400 °C, with reversible capacities in the range of 226-337 mAh g À 1 at 0.03 A g À 1 . [16,43,65,66] The three-stage mechanism consisting in adsorption, intercalation, and pore filling was also corroborated from combined GITT measurements and textural characterization outcomes. It is noteworthy that the specific capacity was clearly underestimated when the simplified (and commonly employed) twoelectrode half-cell setup was used, due to the polarization of the sodium metal counter/reference electrode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Vine Shoots‐Derived Hard Carbons as Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Role of Annealing Temperature in Regulating Their Structure and Morphology

Alvira

Antorán

Vidal

et al. 2023

Batteries & Supercaps

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Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising large‐scale and low‐cost energy storage systems due to the abundance and low price of sodium. Herein, hard carbons from a sustainable biomass feedstock (vine shoots) were synthesized via a simple two‐step carbonization process at different highest temperatures to be used as anodes in SIBs. The hard carbon produced at 1200 °C delivered the highest reversible capacity (270 mAh g–1 at 0.03 A g–1, with an acceptable initial coulombic efficiency of 71%) since a suitable balance between the pseudographitic domains growth and the retention of microporosity, defects, and functional groups was achieved. A prominent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 97% over 315 cycles was also attained. Comprehensive characterization unraveled a three‐stage sodium storage mechanism based on adsorption, intercalation, and filling of pores. A remarkable specific capacity underestimation of up to 38% was also found when a two‐electrode half‐cell configuration was employed to measure the rate performance. To avoid this systematic error caused by the counter/reference electrode polarization, we strongly recommend the use of a three‐electrode setup or a full‐cell configuration to correctly evaluate the anode response at moderate and high current rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Vine Shoots‐Derived Hard Carbons as Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Role of Annealing Temperature in Regulating Their Structure and Morphology

Alvira

Antorán

Vidal

et al. 2023

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…[19][20][21][22] These complex structural features are regulated by the synthesis conditions and have a significant impact on the ICE of hard carbons. [9,[22][23][24] Nevertheless, the correlation between hard carbon structure and composition that can be adjusted during hard carbon synthesis with irreversible capacity loss remains unknown. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of hard carbons that are rich in defects also render its surface chemistry susceptible to modification by the surrounding micro-environment, and this environmental effect poses a new challenge for maintaining a stable ICE of hard carbon as well as the storage and application of hard carbon materials; [25,26] thus, the impact of this part cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Microscopic Origin of Irreversible Capacity Loss of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Zheng,

Guan,

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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The primary bottleneck hindering the application of hard carbon in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) anodes lies in its inadequate initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Unclear causes of capacity loss at the microscopic level restrict the improvement of hard carbon anodes. Here, two pivotal stages that influence the structure and composition of hard carbon, namely synthesis, and storage are evaluated; subsequently identifying crucial determinants contributing to irreversible capacity loss. The results suggest that undergrown carbon layers allowing the intrusion of solvent molecules into the interior of the hard carbon is a key factor during the synthesis stage, while the gradual formation of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of the hard carbon is another factor leading to irreversible loss of capacity during storage stage. This research microscopically clarifies the irreversible capacity loss mechanism on hard carbon and provides guidelines for designing and applying high ICE hard carbon for SIBs.

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“…Due to the low degree of graphitization in hard carbon, the average spacing is ∼0.41 nm, which is larger than in graphite. In addition, the disordered structure of hard carbon provides additional defects than soft carbon, thus providing higher active sites for sodium-ion insertion. − As a result, hard carbon has superior electrochemical properties as an SIB anode material. Hard carbon materials are mainly derived from the pyrolytic synthesis of organic matter and biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress and Commercialization of Biologically Derived Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Zeng,

Mao,

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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As an effective complement to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries are mainly used in some low-energy-density power cells and large energy storage devices. Of the numerous anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, hard carbon is undoubtedly the most mature and currently the only commercially available anode material, but there is still a long way to go before large-scale commercialization. In order to reduce the source cost of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, we chose biomass materials as the precursor of hard carbon cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. In this study, it is demonstrated that hard carbon can be classified into plant-and animal-derived hard carbon, and the corresponding preparation methods, structural properties, and electrochemical properties are analyzed and summarized. In this study, we also summarize several approaches reported in the literature to improve the electrochemical properties of materials. The objective is to provide a reference for improving the properties of hard carbon materials from biological sources and to facilitate large-scale commercialization of hard carbon anode materials with sodium ions.

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Enhancement of First Cycle Coulombic Efficiency of Hard Carbon Derived from Eucalyptus in a Sodium Ion Battery

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Vine Shoots‐Derived Hard Carbons as Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Role of Annealing Temperature in Regulating Their Structure and Morphology

Vine Shoots‐Derived Hard Carbons as Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Role of Annealing Temperature in Regulating Their Structure and Morphology

Unveiling the Microscopic Origin of Irreversible Capacity Loss of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Research Progress and Commercialization of Biologically Derived Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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