Enhancement of fuel cell properties in polyethersulfone and sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membranes using metal oxide nanoparticles for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Elakkiya, S.; Arthanareeswaran, G.; Venkatesh, Kanagaraj; Kweon, Ji Hyang

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.094

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, usage of existing PFI membranes was limited owing to very high cost, operation temperature that is restricted to 70–80°C, and high methanol crossover 3 . In recent decades, researchers devoted their attention to the development of low‐cost, high‐performance PEMs for fuel cell applications 3–7 . Sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES), 4,5 sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), 6–9 sulfonated polysulfone, 3,10,11 sulfonated poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone)s, 12 sulfonated poly(ether ketone ketone), 13 and so on have been utilized for the preparation of PEMs owing to their outstanding mechanical properties, thermal stability, and conductivity and also to overcome the disadvantages of PFI membranes 6–13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced performance of Mindel membranes by incorporating conductive polymer and inorganic modifier for application in direct methanol fuel cells

Ramachandran

Arthanareeswaran

Ismail

et al. 2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES), polyaniline (PANI), and Cloisite 15 A ® were used as modifiers for the fabrication of Mindel composite polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). Pristine Mindel and Mindel composite PEMs were fabricated by the solution intercalation technique. The presence of modifiers in the Mindel membrane matrix was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies. The primary characteristics of pristine Mindel and Mindel PEMs such as water uptake, methanol uptake, proton conductivity ion-exchange capacity (IEC), and chemical and mechanical stability were evaluated. The pore size of Mindel/SPES/Cloisite 15 composite PEM was increased owing to the addition of SPES and Cloisite 15. The higher proton conductivity of 4.323 × 10 −4 S cm −1 , enhanced IEC of 0.482 mequiv. g −1 , and maximum water uptake (%) of 38.12 were noted for Mindel/SPES/Cloisite membrane. Membrane selectivity of all Mindel PEMs was enhanced by the addition of modifiers. The results of this study indicate that Mindel composite membranes could be utilized as PEMs for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced performance of Mindel membranes by incorporating conductive polymer and inorganic modifier for application in direct methanol fuel cells

Ramachandran

Arthanareeswaran

Ismail

et al. 2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The vehicular mechanism is augmented in the membrane through the hygroscopic nature of SZrTi nanoparticle. Besides, the acidic properties of used sulfated metal oxide, which provide more hopping sites, facilitate proton transfer via the Grotthuss mechanism . Sulfate groups in the SZrTi nanoparticle generate strong Lewis and Brönsted acidity .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the acidic properties of used sulfated metal oxide, which provide more hopping sites, facilitate proton transfer via the Grotthuss mechanism. 49,50 Sulfate groups in the SZrTi nanoparticle generate strong Lewis and Brönsted acidity. 51 The Lewis and Brönsted acid sites are transformed into each other in aqueous conditions, which act as a proton transferor.…”

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

2020

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Summary Simultaneous high proton conductivity with high oxidative stability is one of the major concerns in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. With this perspective, different loadings of the sulfated zirconia‐titania, a binary metal oxide that possesses enhanced physicochemical properties, nanoparticle in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer were evaluated by the response surface method to obtain the novel PEM with boosted proton conductivity and oxidative stability. Two models for correlation of proton conductivity and oxidative stability (in Fenton solution) with two independent factors, including sulfonation time and the weight percent of the nanoparticle loading, were obtained by central composite design. The optimum parameters to attain the highest proton conductivity with oxidative stability are found to be the sulfonation time of 6.48 hours and the nanoparticle weight percent of 10.12%. The nanoparticle loading was found to be the more significant factor in the proton conductivity model, while the sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the main affecting factor. The optimal membranes were characterized by 1H NMR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fenton test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, swelling ratio, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of the optimal contents of SZrTi nanoparticle into the polymer matrix would improve the water uptake and consequently the proton conductivity at a higher temperature while keeping the swelling ratio at an acceptable range. The highest achieved proton conductivity by the resulted nanocomposite was 29.21 mS cm−1 at 120°C with 186‐minute durability in the Fenton's reagent. Moreover, the maximum peak power density of 199 mW cm−2 was achieved at 90°C and 100% RH for the single‐cell performance test of nanocomposite‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA), while it was recorded at 112 mW cm−2 for commercial MEA. Acceptable dispersion of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix causes negligible fuel crossover flux (eg, 0.35 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 and 12.49 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 for nanocomposite‐based MEA and commercial MEA, respectively), which is indispensable to improve the mechanical and chemical stability. So, the novel prepared nanocomposite SPEEK‐based membrane would be a promising alternative for the Nafion membrane at moderate to high temperatures. Highlights Sulfated ZrO2‐TiO2 binary oxide was introduced into the SPEEK polymer matrix. Chemical stability and proton conductivity were promoted by design of experiments. The nanoparticle loading was the main factor in the proton conductivity model. Sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the most affecting factor. Fuel crossover was omitted because of the presence of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix.

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“…Hygroscopic nature of added STiO2-PANI and the bonding between OH group of STiO2 and water molecules acts as a vehicle to accommodate water molecules. This facilitates the membrane to imbibe more water molecules which helps to enhance proton conductivity [36]. The water uptake value increased when the loading rate of STiO2-PANI has increased from 0.5 to 1%.…”

Section: Water Uptake and Swelling Ratiomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Additionally, the amine group of PANI (STiO2-PANI nanocomposite) may form cross linking with the -SO3H of SPES membrane matrix which hydrate the hydrophilic groups. The water molecules assist in proton movement and thus contributed to conductivity by water hopping mechanism [36]. But, on increasing the loading rate of STiO2-PANI from 0.5 to 1% has a negative impact on conductivity value owing to the reduction of IEC.…”

Section: Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline coated sulfonated TiO2 nanoparticles for effective application in proton conductive polymer membrane fuel cell

Elakkiya

Arthanareeswaran

Ismail

et al. 2019

European Polymer Journal

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The sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) with modified TiO2 proton exchange membrane performance for the fuel cell application was reported. TiO2 nanoparticles investigated for the fuel cell performance were modified by sulfonation and surface coated using polyaniline (PANI). Fabricated membranes were analyzed in terms of water uptake, swelling ratio, methanol uptake, ion exchange capacity, chemical stability and thermal properties. Surface and structural properties of the membranes were characterized by Field Emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM). To understand the interaction between polymer and nanoparticle, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization for the membranes were performed. Highest proton conductivity is 2.30×10-4 S/cm with SPES/STiO2-PANI (0.5%) composite membrane. The presence of modified TiO2 with amine group of PANI and sulfonic acid group were the main factors for the highest conductivity value. The composite membrane with modified TiO2 shows excellent chemical stability and thermal properties. Thus, the composite membrane incorporated with STiO2-PANI is a promising proton conducting material for fuel cell application.

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Enhancement of fuel cell properties in polyethersulfone and sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membranes using metal oxide nanoparticles for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Enhanced performance of Mindel membranes by incorporating conductive polymer and inorganic modifier for application in direct methanol fuel cells

Enhanced performance of Mindel membranes by incorporating conductive polymer and inorganic modifier for application in direct methanol fuel cells

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Polyaniline coated sulfonated TiO2 nanoparticles for effective application in proton conductive polymer membrane fuel cell

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