Enhancement of Functionality and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cell-Based Therapy Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease usually triggers coronary heart disease, stroke, and ischemic diseases, thus promoting the development of functional failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells that can be isolated from various human tissues, with multipotent and immunomodulatory characteristics to help damaged tissue repair and avoidance of immune responses. Much research has proved the feasibility, safety, and efficiency of MSC-based therapy for cardiovascular disease. Despite the fact that the precise mechanism of MSCs remains unclear, their therapeutic capability to treat ischemic diseases has been tested in phase I/II clinical trials. MSCs have the potential to become an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular disorders. The molecular mechanism underlying the efficacy of MSCs in promoting engraftment and accelerating the functional recovery of injury sites is still unclear. It is hypothesized that the mechanisms of paracrine effects for the cardiac repair, optimization of the niche for cell survival, and cardiac remodeling by inflammatory control are involved in the interaction between MSCs and the damaged myocardial environment. This review focuses on recent experimental and clinical findings related to cardiovascular disease. We focus on MSCs, highlighting their roles in cardiovascular disease repair, differentiation, and MSC niche, and discuss their therapeutic efficacy and the current status of MSC-based cardiovascular disease therapies.

IGF-1 enhances BMSC viability, migration, and anti-apoptosis in myocardial infarction via secreted frizzled-related protein 2 pathway

“…BMSC has been considered as a promising candidate cell type in stem cell-based therapy for AMI due to its ease of preparation, potential differentiation into a cardiac lineage, and paracrine secretion of growth factors [23]. However, the clinical effects of BMSC therapy are limited by the poor survival of transplanted stem cells in the hostile microenvironment of the ischemic region [24,25].…”

Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Characteristics Vary Among Laboratories When Manufactured From the Same Source Material: A Report by the Cellular Therapy Team of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative

“…MSCs are a diverse population of cells that are under investigation for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and disorders that include graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (Le Blanc et al, 2008), stroke, (Lalu et al, 2019) Crohn's disease (Forbes, 2017), osteogenesis imperfect (Horwitz et al, 1999), osteoarthritis, (Migliorini et al, 2019) multiple sclerosis (Uccelli et al, 2019), and cardiovascular disease (Yun and Lee, 2019). The possibility of using MSCs to treat such a wide range of conditions is likely attributable to the broad spectrum of biological effects that can be exerted by MSCs via the secretion of paracrine factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes (Phinney and Pittenger, 2017) or by MSC apoptosis (Galleu et al, 2017).…”

The Roles of Nanoparticles in Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

“…However, several limitations of treating CVD with stem cells exist, including the low survival rate of implanted cells (Yun and Lee, 2019), the rapid apoptosis of the transplanted cells because of exposure to a hypoxia environment (Tang et al, 2005) and the poor survival of the transplanted cells caused by the inflammatory and proapoptotic environment in ischemic tissue (Zhang et al, 2001;Toma et al, 2002). Many studied have shown stem-cell therapy with NPs.…”