“…12 However, because of uncertain inuencing factors such as the matrix effect, self-absorption effect and experimental environment, the small, inhomogeneous, and drastically evolving plasma produced by the process of laser-material interaction would cause large uctuations in plasma properties (such as plasma temperature and electron density) and relatively poor signal stability of LIBS, which is also regarded as one of the key bottlenecks in achieving improved quantitative performance and wide commercialization of LIBS. [13][14][15] Although various methods, such as machine learning algorithm correction, 16 dual pulse excitation, 17 nano-enhanced, 18 and spatial connement, 19 have been proposed to improve the spectral stability and analytical performance of LIBS, it still cannot avoid the generation of ineffective spectra. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce or eliminate the inuence of ineffective spectral data on quantitative analysis by data preprocessing methods.…”