“…Therefore, the transmittance in degenerated TCO films [13,14]. From the Drude-Lorentz free electron model, the plasmon frequency (ω p ) can be expressed as the following equation: (1) hereHere, m is the effective mass of the electron, e is the electric charge, n is the carrier density of electrons, and ε 0 is the permittivity of free space [15,16]. The ω p is proportional to the square root of free electron density.…”