Enhancement of Neural Salty Preference in Obesity

Li, Qiang; Jin, Rongbing; Yu, Hao; Cui, Yuanting; Xiong, Shiqiang; Sun, Fang; He, Chengkang; Liu, Daoyan; Jia, Hongbo; Chen, Xiaowei; Chen, Sijiao; Zhu, Zhiming

doi:10.1159/000484122

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Elevated BMI was found to be related to changes in the brain activity in regions involved in salt taste perception [23]. Indeed, it was shown that salt taste engages various brain regions that modulate reward, taste processing, and executive control in eating [64], possibly resulting in greater salt consumption in overweight/obese people, in association with reduced salt sensitivity and a higher salt preference [23,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, study results on this topic are still contradictory and inconclusive. Obese adults were reported to consume more salty foods and to have reduced salt sensitivity and higher salt preference [21][22][23]. Additionally, obese women showed decrease in both olfactory and taste capacity, including salt taste, compared to normal weight women [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread disorder and an important public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between salt taste perception, Mediterranean diet and MetS. This cross-sectional study included 2798 subjects from the general population of Dalmatia, Croatia. MetS was determined using the Joint Interim Statement definition, and Mediterranean diet compliance was estimated using Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Salt taste perception was assessed by threshold and suprathreshold testing (intensity and hedonic perception). Logistic regression was used in the analysis, adjusting for important confounding factors. As many as 44% of subjects had MetS, with elevated waist circumference as the most common component (77%). Higher salt taste sensitivity (lower threshold) was associated with several positive outcomes: lower odds of MetS (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.92), lower odds for elevated waist circumference (0.47; 0.27–0.82), elevated fasting glucose or diabetes (0.65; 0.45–0.94), and reduced HDL cholesterol (0.59; 0.42–0.84), compared to the higher threshold group. Subjects with lower salt taste threshold were more likely to consume more fruit, and less likely to adhere to olive oil and white meat guidelines, but without a difference in the overall Mediterranean diet compliance. Salt taste intensity perception was not associated with any of the investigated outcomes, while salty solution liking was associated with MetS (OR = 1.85, CI 95% 1.02–3.35). This study identified an association between salt taste perception and MetS and gave a new insight into taste perception, nutrition, and possible health outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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“…(38,39) Furthermore, decreased gustatory and olfactory sensitivity are seen, in addition to exacerbated reward responses to food. (40)(41)(42) Individuals with obesity rate energy dense foods as more pleasurable, and foods high in sugar and fat elicit higher reward responses in obese compared to lean individuals. (43)(44)(45) Furthermore, weight gain leads to structural and connectivity changes within the CNS.…”

Section: Beyond Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, body weight regulation and the brain: insights from fMRI

Makaronidis

Batterham

2018

BJR

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Obesity constitutes a major global health threat. Despite the success of bariatric surgery in delivering sustainable weight loss and improvement in obesity-related morbidity, effective non-surgical treatments are urgently needed, necessitating an increased understanding of body weight regulation. Neuroimaging studies undertaken in people with healthy weight, overweight, obesity and following bariatric surgery have contributed to identifying the neurophysiological changes seen in obesity and help increase our understanding of the mechanisms driving the favourable eating behaviour changes and sustained weight loss engendered by bariatric surgery. These studies have revealed a key interplay between peripheral metabolic signals, homeostatic and hedonic brain regions and genetics. Findings from brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have consistently associated obesity with an increased motivational drive to eat, increased reward responses to food cues and impaired food-related self-control processes. Interestingly, new data link these obesity-associated changes with structural and connectivity changes within the central nervous system. Moreover, emerging data suggest that bariatric surgery leads to neuroplastic recovery. A greater understanding of the interactions between peripheral signals of energy balance, the neural substrates that regulate eating behaviour, the environment and genetics will be key for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for obesity. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the pathoaetiology of obesity with a focus upon the role that fMRI studies have played in enhancing our understanding of the central regulation of eating behaviour and energy homeostasis.

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“…Furthermore, obese people are prone to an HS intake due to a reduced salt sensitivity and a higher salt preference, contributing to the development of pathologies, such as hypertension (15) . In addition, the consumption of HS diets is related to diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in hypertensive and normotensive individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the large reports that HS intake increases the risks of hypertension and deaths from CVD, several societies worldwide recommend consumption between 3•75 and 6 g/d; however, daily salt intake is higher than 10 g/d in various regions of the world (13,14) . Recently, Li et al (15) showed that overweight and obese individuals are prone to consuming HS diets, increasing the risk of pathologies such as hypertension. Effects of HS intake in utero and early life on cardiovascular functions have been explored, revealing the deleterious effects of HS on cardiovascular parameters (16,17) .…”

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confidence: 99%

High salt intake during puberty leads to cardiac remodelling and baroreflex impairment in lean and obese male Wistar rats

et al. 2019

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Modern lifestyle increases the prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities in the young population. High-salt (HS) diets are associated with hypertension and cardiac remodelling. The present study evaluated the potential effects of cardiometabolic programming induced by HS intake during puberty in lean and obese rats. Additionally, we investigated whether HS could exacerbate the impairment of cardiovascular parameters in adult life due to postnatal early overnutrition (PO). At postnatal day 3 (PN3), twenty-four litters of Wistar rats were divided into two groups: normal litter (NL, nine pups/dam) and small litter (SL, three pups/dam) throughout the lactation period; weaning was at PN21. At PN30, the pups were subdivided into two more groups: NL plus HS (NLHS) and SL plus HS (SLHS). HS intake was from PN30 until PN60. Cardiovascular parameters were evaluated at PN120. SL rats became overweight at adulthood due to persistent hyperphagia; however, HS exposure during puberty reduced the weight gain and food intake of NLHS and SLHS. Both HS and obesity raised the blood pressure, impaired baro- and chemoreflex sensitivity and induced cardiac remodelling but no worsening was observed in the association of these factors, except a little reduction in the angiotensin type-2 receptor in the hearts from SLHS animals. Our results suggest that the response of newborn offspring to PO and juveniles to a HS diet leads to significant changes in cardiovascular parameters in adult rats. This damage may be accompanied by impairment of both angiotensin signalling and antioxidant defence in the heart.

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Enhancement of Neural Salty Preference in Obesity

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

Obesity, body weight regulation and the brain: insights from fMRI

High salt intake during puberty leads to cardiac remodelling and baroreflex impairment in lean and obese male Wistar rats

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