Enhancement of optical signal and characterization of palladium plasma by magnetic field-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abbasi, Shahab Ahmed; Aziz, Zaheer; Khan, Taj Muhammad; Ali, Dilawar; Hassan, Toqeer ul; Iqbal, Javed; Khan, Salah Ud‐Din; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Khan, Rawaiz; Khan, E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165746

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Abbasi et al [97] applied MF-LIBS (Section 2.3.2) to enhance the signal intensity of palladium (Pd) plasma. For MF-LIBS, a 3-4-fold enhancement of optical emission intensity was observed for Pd-I and Pd-II lines compared to LIBS only (Figure 7).…”

Section: Analysis Of Metals and Metal Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Trace Element Detection: A Review

Khan

Ullah

Rahman

et al. 2022

Journal of Spectroscopy

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a promising technique for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of elements in a wide variety of samples. However, conventional LIBS suffers from a high limit of detection (LoD) compared with other analytical techniques. This review briefly discusses several methods that demonstrate the applicability and prospects for trace element detection while lowering the LoD when coupled with LIBS. This review compares the enhancement mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of these techniques. Finally, the recent development and application of LIBS coupled techniques for trace element detection are also discussed for various samples such as metal alloys, biomaterials, rare earth elements, explosives, drinking water, and water bodies.

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Section: Analysis Of Metals and Metal Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Trace Element Detection: A Review

Khan

Ullah

Rahman

et al. 2022

Journal of Spectroscopy

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“…They found that enhancements in all LPP parameters are caused by magnetic confinement, the J×B effect, Joule heating, and greater interparticle collisions caused by adiabatic compression. Abbasi et al [17] demonstrated an increase in optical emission from a palladium (Pd) sample using magnetic field-aided LIBS. At low laser fluence (12.6 J/cm 2 ), a considerable boost in plasma emission was recorded for both neutral and singly ionized lines of Pd.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Structuring and Thin Film Coating through Additive Concept Using Laser Induced Plasma of Mg Alloy: A Comparison between the Presence and Absence of Transverse Magnetic Field (TMF)

et al. 2022

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In the present study, the influence of a 1.1 tesla Transverse Magnetic Field (TMF) on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of Mg-alloy plasma has been explored. The Mg plasma was produced using an Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) at an intensity of 2 GW/cm2. Inert gases of Ar, Ne, and He were filled as environmental gases at pressures ranging from 1 to 100 Torr. Optical emission spectra from laser-produced plasma were detected with the help of a spectrometer, and plasma parameters such as excitation temperature (Texc) and electron number density (ne) were evaluated. Enhancement in the Mg plasma’s Texc and ne in the presence of TMF was noticed under all experimental conditions, including different ambient gases with varying pressures and time delays (0.42 µs–9.58 µs). Plasma confinement by applied TMF was analytically evaluated through thermal beta (βt) values, which were <1 under all circumstances. The highest Texc and ne values (17,259 K and 11.5 × 1017 cm−3) for Mg-alloy plasma were obtained with ambient Ar in TMF, while the lowest values (8793 K and 1.0 × 1017 cm−3) were obtained in presence of He gas in the absence of TMF. SEM analysis was used to determine the surface structure of laser-ablated Mg alloy in the presence and absence of TMF. It revealed that the formation of cones, cavities, and non-uniform melting are characteristic features of ambient Ar, while spikes and cavities are prominent features in Ne gas environments. Conical spikes and dendrites are distinct features when ambient He is present. In comparison with the field-free condition, distinct and well-defined structures were observed in the presence of TMF. By controlling LPP parameters, the surface structuring of Mg alloy can be controlled. The optimization and enhancement of LPP parameters make it a highly useful tool for thin film deposition, coatings of multilayers, and ion implantation/doping.

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“…Therefore, for a given type of a target material, the influence of laser wavelength on the plasma parameters, such as the ablation yield of neutrals and ions, kinetic energy and angular distribution of ablated species, ions charge state distribution, plasma temperature and density, must be known to upgrade several applications. The effect of laser wavelength on the ion yield has been investigated for various materials and range of the laser fluence [7][8][9]. In general, the ion yield is reported as an inverse function of the laser wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the ion yield is reported as an inverse function of the laser wavelength. Although optical spectroscopy of the palladium plasma produced by a 532 nm wavelength laser has been reported [9], there exist only one study that compares the characteristic of the palladium ions produced by two different laser wavelengths: Torrisi et al [10] reported higher ablation yield of Pd ions for 532 nm than 1064 nm laser but the experiment was performed only for two values of the laser fluence (∼6 and 12 J cm −2 ). The wavelength comparison of the Pd ions yield over a wider range of the laser fluence is required because the reflection/absorption of the laser photon of a particular wavelength depends on the plasma density, which rapidly increases with laser fluences [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the palladium plasma produced by nanosecond pulsed 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength lasers

Asif¹,

Amin²,

Rehman³

et al. 2021

Laser Phys.

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Palladium plasma produced by nanosecond pulsed 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths lasers is studied with the help of planer Langmuir probe. The experiment is conducted over a wide range of the laser fluence (1.6–40 J cm−2). The measured time of flight ions distributions are used to infer total charge, kinetic energy of the palladium ions and plasma parameters. Our results indicate that the ion charge produced by both laser wavelengths is an increasing function of the laser fluence. Initially, the ion charge produced by 1064 nm is lower than 532 nm, but it increases at much faster rate with the rise of laser fluence as the inverse bremsstrahlung plasma heating prevails at higher plasma densities. The most probable kinetic energy of the Pd ions produced by 1064 nm wavelength is also lower than that of 532 nm. The time varying plasma electron temperature and electron density are derived from the current–voltage plots of the two plasmas. For both wavelengths, the electron temperature and electron density rapidly climb to a maximum value and then gradually decline with time. However, in case of the 532 nm, the electron temperature and electron density remain consistently high throughout the laser plasma. The results are compared the available literature and discussed by considering surface reflectivity, ablation rate of the Pd target and laser plasma heating. The results presented in this work will provide more insight into the process of laser ablation and can be useful for the development of laser-plasma ion sources.

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Enhancement of optical signal and characterization of palladium plasma by magnetic field-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Trace Element Detection: A Review

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Trace Element Detection: A Review

Surface Structuring and Thin Film Coating through Additive Concept Using Laser Induced Plasma of Mg Alloy: A Comparison between the Presence and Absence of Transverse Magnetic Field (TMF)

Characterization of the palladium plasma produced by nanosecond pulsed 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength lasers

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