Enhancement of Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Associated with Upper Cut-off Low during Springtime in East Asia

Abstract

In order to verify the enhancement of ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) during springtime in East Asia, we investigated weather conditions and data from remote sensors, air quality models, and air quality monitors. These include the geopotential height archived from the final (FNL) meteorological field, the potential vorticity and the wind velocity simulated by the Meteorological Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5), the back trajectory estimated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the total column amount of ozone and the aerosol index retrieved from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), the total column density of CO retrieved from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), and the concentration of ozone and CO simulated by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART). In particular, the total column density of CO, which mightoriginate from the combustion of fossil fuels and the burning of biomass in China, increased in East Asia during spring 2000. In addition, the enhancement of total column amounts of ozone and CO appeared to be associated with both the upper cut-off low near 500 hPa and the frontogenesis of a surface cyclone during a weak Asian dust event. At the same time, high concentrations of ozone and CO on the Earth's surface were shown at the Seoul air quality monitoring site, located at the surface frontogenesis in Korea. It was clear that the ozone was invaded by the downward stretched vortex anomalies, which included the ozone-rich airflow, during movement and development of the cut-off low, and then there was the catalytic photochemical reaction of ozone precursors on the Earth's surface during the day. In addition, air pollutants such as CO and aerosol were tracked along both the cyclone vortex and the strong westerly as shown at the back trajectory in Seoul and Busan, respectively. Consequently, the maxima of ozone and CO between the two areas showed up differently because of the time lag between those gases, including their catalytic photochemical reactions together with the invasion from the upper troposphere, as well as the path of their transport from China during the weak Asian dust event.

An Estimation of Concentration of Asian Dust (PM10) Using WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ (MADRID) During Springtime in the Korean Peninsula

“…황사 발생 원인으로는 많은 연구자들에 의해 상층 제트류의 발달과 연관된 지상 저기압 발달, 강 한 지상풍 및 한랭전선과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 시 사한 바 있다 (Merrill, 1989;김유근 외, 2001송상근과 김유근, 2003;Kim et al, 2001;Sun et al, 2001;Kim and Song, 2003;Kurosaki and Mikami, 2003;Hayasaki et al, 2006;Teppei and Yamazaki, 2009;김학성과 정용승, 2009). 특히, 황사 기간 동안은 상층에 제트류가 발달하고 있으므로 황 사뿐만 아니라 대기오염물질의 장거리 수송과 성층권 -대류권 또는 자유대기-대기경계층(에크만층)에서 오 존 교환이 가능하다고 하였다 (Moon and Drummond, 2009;Yasunari and Yamazaki, 2009;Borchi et al, 2005). 황사를 수치모의 하기 위하여 국내의 경우는 In and Park(2002, 2003a, 2003b (Zender et al, 2003), GOCART (Ginoux et al, 2001(Ginoux et al, , 2004, MASINGAR(Model of Aerosol Species in the Global Atmosphere; Tanaka et al, 2003) (Fig.…”