Enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution over nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride

Hong, Zhenhua; Shen, Biao; Chen, Yilin; Lin, Bin; Gao, Bifen

doi:10.1039/c3ta12332d

Cited by 363 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…For pure CdS nanoparticles (CN0), the broad and weak band around 680 cm −1 and the peaks between 1050 and 1685 cm −1 can be attributed to the Cd-S bond, with the exception of the band around 1639 cm −1 , which is the O-H bending vibration [39]. For pure g-C 3 N 4 , several peaks in the region of 1200-1650 cm −1 (the peaks occur at about 1241, 1319, 1409, 1460 and 1569 cm −1 ) are observed, which are assigned to the typical breathing modes of CN heterocycles [40]. Additionally, the band at 808 cm −1 is assigned to the characteristic breathing mode of tri-s-triazine units [38,41], while the broad band at around 3168 cm −1 is indicative of N H and O H stretching vibration modes [41].…”

Section: Morphology and Microstructure Of G-c 3 N 4 /Cds Heterostructurementioning

confidence: 90%

“…The absorption edge of pure g-C 3 N 4 is ca. 459 nm, corresponding to a band gap of 2.70 eV [40] band gap of 2.37 eV exhibits strong and broad absorption in visible light region of 400-524 nm. As for the g-C 3 N 4 /CdS composites, they show a similar absorption edge as the CN0, suggesting that the coating of g-C 3 N 4 does not significantly affect the optical absorption feature of CdS nanoparticles due to the limited amount of g-C 3 N 4 on its surface.…”

Section: Morphology and Microstructure Of G-c 3 N 4 /Cds Heterostructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ self-transformation synthesis of g-C3N4-modified CdS heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Chen

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

156

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Section: Morphology and Microstructure Of G-c 3 N 4 /Cds Heterostructurementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Morphology and Microstructure Of G-c 3 N 4 /Cds Heterostructurementioning

confidence: 99%

In situ self-transformation synthesis of g-C3N4-modified CdS heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Chen

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

156

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“…The most well-known of these photocatalysts are the inorganic solids [1][2][3]6], mostly oxides but also sulfides and selenides, the former including titanium dioxide [13][14][15], the quintessential photocatalyst. Perhaps less well-known, a range of supramolecular systems [16,17] and even organic polymers [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] have also been reported to act as photocatalysts. In this mini-review we will discuss computational work on modelling such photocatalysts in terms of the relevant material properties and processes, as well as what we believe to be key aspects to consider when performing such calculations.…”

Section: Which States That Photocatalysis Is the 'Change In The Rate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling materials for solar fuel synthesis by artificial photosynthesis; predicting the optical, electronic and redox properties of photocatalysts

Guiglion

Berardo

Butchosa

et al. 2016

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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In this mini-review, we discuss what insight computational modelling can provide into the working of photocatalysts for solar fuel synthesis and how calculations can be used to screen for new promising materials for photocatalytic water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. We will extensively discuss the different relevant (material) properties and the computational approaches (DFT, TD-DFT, GW/BSE) available to model them. We illustrate this with examples from the literature, focussing on polymeric and nanoparticle photocatalysts. We finish with a perspective on the outstanding conceptual and computational challenges.

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“…The X-ray diffractogram of the product from pyrolysis of urea contains a peak at 27.6°c haracteristic of layered GCN and corresponding to an interlayer distance of d 002 = 0.323 nm [15]. A fairly wide assortment of d 002 values (ranging from 0.319 to 0.326 nm) have been reported for GCN [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], depending on the method of synthesis and on the nature of the initial compound, but in most papers a value of d 002 = 0.326 nm is quoted. The increase of d 002 is associated with disordering of the layer structure of GCN due to the presence of residual amino groups in its composition that avoid condensation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1b, curve 1) there is a band at 810 cm -1 , which is the so-called fingerprint of heterocycles of the triazine and heptazine series and arises from the deformation vibrations of the N-C=N bonds in these compounds [16,17,27]. Apart from this, the spectrum contains bands at 1265, 1320, 1420, 1490, and 1570 cm -1 , characteristic of triazine, heptazine, and their derivatives [27][28][29][30], and also a band at 1620 cm -1 , which can be assigned to the deformation vibrations of adsorbed water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Stabilization in Aqueous Solutions, Spectral and Luminescent Properties

et al. 2014

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It was established that stable colloids of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) can be obtained by relatively mild heat treatment of the bulk material in aqueous solutions of tetraethylammonium hydroxide. The colloids contain particles of average size of 40-45 nm with thicknesses of 6-8 nm. The band gap of the colloidal particles of GCN (3.45 eV) is significantly larger than E g of the bulk material (2.82 eV) as a result of spatial confinement of the charge carriers. The colloidal GCN is characterized by strong photoluminescence emitted in a broad spectral range with a maximum at 410-420 nm and a quantum yield of 21%-22%.Alongside graphene, MoS 2 , and a series of other layered materials graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) C 3 N 4 , which belongs to a class of long known organic polymers [1, 2], has attracted increased attention for researchers in recent years particularly in the region of heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis [1][2][3][4][5]. The monolayer of GCN is formed by heptazine heterocycles linked through the tertiary amine nitrogen atom into an infinite one-dimensional aromatic network. Layered GCN, formed by stacking pp interaction between individual monolayers, has semiconducting properties and is characterized by thermostability up to 650-700°C and chemical stability particularly in concentrated acids and alkalis [1,2]. The high stability, the low toxicity, and the fortunate disposition of the permitted energy bands of GCN, giving rise to its sensitivity to visible light and making it possible to realize simultaneously many reduction and oxidation processes involving photogenerated charge carriers, are the prerequisites for the swift development of research into the photocatalytic characteristics of GCN and systems based on it [1-5]. At the same time the effectiveness of many photocatalytic processes involving GCN is limited by its low specific surface area (~10 m 2 /g) on account of the fairly rigorous conditions of production in the course of the pyrolysis of melamine, dicyanodiamide, urea, and other precursors at 500-600°C [1,2]. In this connection searches are being made for methods of template synthesis of mesoporous GCN with a developed surface [3][4][5]. Simultaneously with this approaches are being developed for exfoliation of GCN [6-10] similar to the well-known methods for the exfoliation of graphite and its oxide or the dispersion of bulk GCN to nanosized particles [6,11,12] by extreme heat treatment [6,12] or by the action of oxidizing agents [11]. Such investigations today are sporadic, but the obtained results indicate the existence of a strong relationship between the size of the GCN particles and likewise the number of layers in their composition and the electrophysical and photophysical characteristics of the material [7,10,11,13,14]. This fact gives a special urgency to the search for new methods of dispersion of GCN and stabilization of its nanoparticles in colloidal solutions. The present work was devoted to investigation of the 0040-5760/14/5005-0291

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Enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution over nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride

Cited by 363 publications

References 61 publications

In situ self-transformation synthesis of g-C3N4-modified CdS heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity

In situ self-transformation synthesis of g-C3N4-modified CdS heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Modelling materials for solar fuel synthesis by artificial photosynthesis; predicting the optical, electronic and redox properties of photocatalysts

Nanoparticles of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Stabilization in Aqueous Solutions, Spectral and Luminescent Properties

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