Enhancement of plant growth regulators production from microalgae cultivated in treated sewage wastewater (TSW)

Abstract

The aim of this work is to develop an efficient method for detection and evaluation of the plant growth regulators produced from cyanobacteria species (Anabaena oryzae and Nostoc muscorum) cultivated on BG110, and Chlorophyta alga (Chlorella vulgaris) cultivated on BG11 in addition to the cultivation of these strains on treated sewage wastewater (TSW) combined with control media (BG11 and BG110) at different concentrations (100, 75 and 50%). Bioassays were performed on Wheat coleoptile length and Cucumber cotyledons fresh weight for indole acetic acid (IAA) and Benzyl adenine (BA) detection. In addition, application experiments of IAA and BA presence in algal extract were applied on tomato plantlets and soybean callus. The obtained results of A. oryzae and N. muscorum extracts (grown on BG110 and 100% sewage media) with optimum conc. of IAA and BA showed moderate shoot length and leaves number as well as high root initiation of tomato explant compared to control. While dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), IAA conc. as well as IAA + BA conc. showed no effect on branching and leaf expansion. The results of C. vulgaris (grown on BG11) also revealed that the shoot had high leaves number and greatest root initiation, without branching and leaf expansion. On the other hand, 100% TSW had a moderate shoot, leaves number and high root initiation. Extracts of A. oryzae and N. muscorum (grown on BG110) induced 1.5-fold increase in soybean callus fresh weight, while the growth on 100% TSW was shown to be less effective. Moreover, extract of C. vulgaris (grown on BG11) induced a moderate effect, while its growth on 100% TSW was shown to be less effective in soybean callus fresh weight increment.

Miel como inductor de compuestos fenolicos, flavonoides y de crecimiento de fruto de mango var. ataúlfo

“…En estas etapas apoyaron la formación de foto-asimilados formados en las hojas al mejorar el crecimiento del fruto. Los azúcares administrados de forma exógena (por la miel), actuaron de forma energética sobre la división y elongación celular [24], los aminoácidos, vitaminas, fenoles y flavonoides, aplicados de forma exógena, favorecieron a la biosíntesis de compuestos estructurales y de hormonas para aumentar el crecimiento celular del fruto, al acelerar el metabolismo, dando como resultados cambios fisiológicos importantes y el aprovechamiento eficientes de todos los componentes indispensables para que este órgano creciera [25].…”

Hydroponics with Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Modern Agriculture

“…The IAA-producing microalgae C. vulgaris resulted in high leaf numbers, long shoots, and significant root initiation without branching and leaf expansion. Similarly, Anabaena oryzae and N. muscorum stimulated a 1.5-fold increase in the fresh weight of soybean callus [ 102 ]. Furthermore, the auxin derived from the mangrove-root-associated cyanobacterium Phormidium sp.…”

“…A recent study revealed that Stigeoclonium nanum , a cytokinin-derived microalga, contains cis-zeatin and isopentenyladenine (21.40 nmol g −1 DW), which were found to be the most predominant compounds, followed by trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin in low levels, in addition to free bases and their ribosides [ 99 ]. Moreover, benzyl adenine, found in the algal extract of A. oryzae and N. muscorum , significantly enhanced shoot length and leaf number, leading also to high root initiation, in tomatoes [ 102 ]. Cytokinins derived from Desmodesmus subspicatus extracts grant a 30% increase in plant biomass, enhanced cell division, leaf chlorophyll contents, enhanced fresh weight, and increased cotyledon size in cucumbers [ 107 ].…”

Technological Development in the Use of <em>Allium sativum</em> Aqueous Extracts in the Agricultural Field

“…that allowed these components to pass through the cuticle of the fruits, were inducers of cell elongation and division in stage two. According to Caballero-Pérez [47], in the growth stage that involves division and expansion, there is competition for carbohydrate sources, according to Pérez-Barraza [48], during the cell expansion of the fruit metabolic components are needed to synthesize hormones and compounds that allow the generation of tissue, and Elakbawy [50], indicates that organic compounds from plant sources, exogenous or endogenous to the tissue influence physiological processes that control cell division and the differentiation of the growth process, in which cell elongation is involved, finding the participation of sulfur amino acids, auxins and cytokinins.…”