Enhancement of Protective Effects of Radix Scutellariae on UVB-induced Photo Damage in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes

Abstract

Radix Scutellariae (RS) has long been used in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. Its main flavonoids, baicalin (BG) and wogonoside (WG), can be hydrolyzed into their corresponding aglycones, baicalein (B) and wogonin (W). In this study, we developed a safe and effective method of transforming these glycosides using Peclyve PR. The transformation rate of BG and WG reached 98.5 and 98.1%, respectively, with 10% enzyme at 40 °C for 60 h. Furthermore, we compared the anti-photoaging activity of RS before and after enzyme treatment, as well as their respective main components, in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Results found that enzyme-treated RS (ERS) appeared to be much better at preventing UVB-induced photoaging than RS. ERS significantly inhibited the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and IL-6 caused by UVB radiation by inactivating the MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling pathways. ERS treatment also recovered UVB-induced reduction of procollagen type I by activating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. In addition, ERS exhibited an excellent antioxidant activity, which could increase the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants such as HO-1 and NQ-O1, by facilitating Nrf2 nuclear transfer. These findings demonstrated that the photoprotective effects of RS were significantly improved by enzyme-modified biotransformation.

Baicalein Inhibits Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Toxic Response by Downregulating Src Phosphorylation and by Upregulating NRF2-HMOX1 System

“…Baicalein (BAI) is one of the major active compounds found in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis [45][46][47]. It is also known to be a plant-derived AHR agonist with the structure of flavonoid and also the aglycone of the flavone glycoside baicalin (Figure 1).…”

Flavonoids in Skin Senescence Prevention and Treatment

“…Wogonin is a flavone extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis with proven efficacy as a SASP regulator in cancer [86]. By inactivating the MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathways, wogonin downregulates COX-2 and iNOS expression in skin fibroblasts and MMP-1 and IL-6 in UVB-induced keratinocytes [87,88]. Moreover, treatment with wogonin effectively restores procollagen type I levels and increases the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants (e.g., heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1] and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 [NQ-O1]) in keratinocytes by activating the tumor growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway [88].…”

“…By inactivating the MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathways, wogonin downregulates COX-2 and iNOS expression in skin fibroblasts and MMP-1 and IL-6 in UVB-induced keratinocytes [87,88]. Moreover, treatment with wogonin effectively restores procollagen type I levels and increases the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants (e.g., heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1] and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 [NQ-O1]) in keratinocytes by activating the tumor growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway [88]. Wogonin also reduces dermis prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), and IL-1β levels in an animal model of skin inflammation when applied topically [87,89,90].…”

Plant-Derived Compounds as Promising Therapeutics for Vitiligo

“…It has been reported to have anti-cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects ( Huang et al, 2005 ; Hwang et al, 2005 ; Yarla et al, 2016 ). In addition, the antioxidant effects of baicalein have received special attention during the past decades, including reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by chemical agents ( Chiu et al, 2010 ; Choi et al, 2016 ; Zhao et al, 2018 ) or ultraviolet radiation ( Wang et al, 2018 ). Baicalein has strong antioxidant properties, partly because compounds scavenge ROS by oxidative consumption of the three 5, 6, 7-position OH–groups in its structure ( de Oliveira et al, 2015 ), and it form stable semiquinone radicals, which also underlie its powerful antioxidant activity ( Gao et al, 1999 ).…”