Enhancement of ribonucleic acid synthesis by chromium(III) in mouse liver

Okada, Shoji; Suzuki, M.; Ohba, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/0162-0134(83)85015-6

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is also clear that Cr is concentrated in cell nuclei. Cr has increased in vitro RNA synthesis in mice (Okada et al, 1983); this supports the hypothesis that Cr has an effect on gene functions. Chromium participates in gene expression by binding to chromatin, causing an increase in initiation loci and consequently, an increase in RNA synthesis.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Nucleic Acidssupporting

confidence: 72%

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

Pechová¹,

Pavlata²

2007

Vet. Med.

359

244

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Chromium (Cr) has been studied since the end of the 19 th century, when carcinogenic effects of hexavalent Cr were discovered. Essentiality of trivalent Cr was demonstrated in 1959; Cr 3+ has been studied in humans and laboratory animals since the 1970s and it is only since the 1990s that Cr has been studied as an essential element in livestock animals with the same intensity. Trivalent chromium is essential to normal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Chromium is biologically active as part of an oligopeptide -chromodulin -potentiating the effect of insulin by facilitating insulin binding to receptors at the cell surface. With chromium acting as a cofactor of insulin, Cr activity in the organism is parallel to insulin functions. Cr absorption is low, ranging between 0.4 and 2.0% for inorganic compounds while the availability of organic Cr is more than 10 times higher. Absorbed Cr circulates in blood bound to the β-globulin plasma fraction and is transported to tissues bound to transferrin. Absorbed Cr is excreted primarily in urine, by glomerular filtration; a small amount is excreted through perspiration, bile and in milk. The demand for Cr has been growing as a result of factors commonly referred to as stressors, especially during different forms of nutritional, metabolic and physical strain. This review describes Cr metabolism, the different biological functions of Cr and symptoms of Cr deficiency.

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Section: Metabolism Of Nucleic Acidssupporting

confidence: 72%

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

Pechová¹,

Pavlata²

2007

Vet. Med.

359

244

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“…It is obvious that chromium is involved in protein metabolism (Anderson, (Weser and Koolman, 1969). Okada et al (1983) showed an interaction of chromium with DNA templates that resulted in a significant stimulation of RNA synthesis in vitro. The oligopeptide low-molecular-weight chromiumbinding protein (chromodulin) tightly binds four chromic ions before the oligopeptide obtains a conformation required for binding to the tyrosine kinase active site of the insulin receptor (Vincent, 2000(Vincent, , 2001.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal dietary concentrations of vitamin C and chromium picolinate for alleviating the effect of low ambient temperature (6.2 degrees C) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in laying hens

Şahin¹,

Şahin²

2001

Vet. Med. - Czech

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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and digestibility of nutrients in laying hens (Hy-Line) reared under a low ambient temperature (6.2°C). Two hundred and ten laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into seven groups, 30 hens per group. The treatment groups were designed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using two levels of vitamin C (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of chromium picolinate (200, 400, or 800 µg/kg of diet), and control group was fed basal diet.The highest values of performance were obtained if 250 mg/kg vitamin C was supplemented with either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet. An interaction between vitamin C and chromium for egg production (P = 0.05) and feed efficiency (P = 0.02) was detected. Similarly, egg weight, specific gravity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit improved with diet containing 250 mg vitamin C and either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet (P ≤ 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) were higher with higher dietary vitamin C (P ≤ 0.05) and also with higher Cr (P ≤ 0.05). There were no interactions between vitamin C and chromium detected for any parameters measured for egg quality in terms of egg weight, specific gravidity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit and digestibility of nutrients (P ≥ 0.28). Data obtained in the present study shows that a combination of 250 mg vitamin C and 400 µg chromium per kg of diet gave the best results in laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature and a conclusion is suggested that such a diet can be considered as a protective management practice in poultry to alleviate, at least in part, the depressive effect of cold stress on poultry performance.

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“…Crl" is also reported to induce a small (2-fold) increase in misincorporation by DNA polymerases during DNA replication in vitro (15,16). In addition, Cr"' ions bound to nuclear DNA increased RNA synthesis in vitro by increasing nonspecific initiation (17)(18)(19) ,uM) at 37°C for 30 min in a 50-pL reaction mixture containing 2 pg of DNA, 0.2 mM TrisHCl (pH 8.0), and 20 ,uM EDTA. After incubation, the reaction mixtures were spun through Sephadex G-50 spin columns, prepared as described in Maniatis et al (21), to remove the unbound 51CrIII ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Possible Role for Chromium(III) in Genotoxicity

Snow¹

1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Chromium is found in the environment in two major forms: reduced Cil' and CrVy, or chromate.Chromate, the most biologically active species, is readily taken up by living cells and reduced intracellularly, via reactive intermediates, to stable Cr"I species. Cr'l, the most abundant form of chromium in the environment, does not readily cross cell membranes and is relatively inactive in vivo. However, intracellular Crl" can react slowly with both nucleic acids and proteins and can be genotoxic. We have investigated the genotoxicity of Cr"P in vitro using a DNA replication assay and in vivo by CaCl2-mediated transfection of chromium-treated DNA into Escherichia coli. When DNA replication was measured on a Cr"'-treated template using purified DNA polymerases (either bacterial or mammalian), both the rate of DNA replication and the amount of incorporation per polymerase binding event (processivity) were greatly increased relative to controls. When transfected into E. coli, Cr"l-treated M13mp2 bacteriophage DNA showed a dose-dependent increase in mutation frequency. These results suggest that Cr"' alters the interaction between the DNA template and the polymerase such that the binding strength of the DNA polymerase is increased and the fidelity of DNA replication is decreased. These interactions may contribute to the mutagenicity of chromium ions in vivo and suggest that Cr"' can contribute to chromiummediated carcinogenesis.

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Enhancement of ribonucleic acid synthesis by chromium(III) in mouse liver

Cited by 55 publications

References 14 publications

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review

Optimal dietary concentrations of vitamin C and chromium picolinate for alleviating the effect of low ambient temperature (6.2 degrees C) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in laying hens

A Possible Role for Chromium(III) in Genotoxicity

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