Enhancement of Solar Hydrogen Evolution from Water by Surface Modification with CdS and TiO<sub>2</sub> on Porous CuInS<sub>2</sub> Photocathodes Prepared by an Electrodeposition–Sulfurization Method

Zhao, Jiao; Minegishi, Tsutomu; Zhang, Li; Zhong, Miao; Gunawan, Gunawan; Nakabayashi, Mamiko; Ma, Guijun; Hisatomi, Takashi; Katayama, Masao; Ikeda, Shigeru; Shibata, Naoya; Yamada, Taro; Domen, Kazunari

doi:10.1002/ange.201406483

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…With a Pt co-catalyst, stable photocurrents were observed for up to 10 days, with an onset potential of 0.7 V vs. RHE. Modification of porous p-type CuInS 2 films with thin layers of Pt/TiO 2 /CdS significantly increased the cathodic photocurrent and onset potential through the formation of a p-n junction on the surface, whereas when the electrode was instead only modified with Pt/CdS, the photoelectrode decayed rapidly due to the photocorrosion of CdS 209. The use of Pt/In 2 S 3 produced a similar enhancement effect onCuInS 2 .…”

supporting

confidence: 49%

Thin-Film Materials for the Protection of Semiconducting Photoelectrodes in Solar-Fuel Generators

Hu¹,

Lewis²,

Ager³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

262

259

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The electrochemical instability of semiconductors in aqueous electrolytes has impeded the development of robust sunlight-driven water-splitting systems. We review the use of protective thin films to improve the electrochemical stability of otherwise unstable semiconductor photoelectrodes (e.g., Si and GaAs). We first discuss the origins of instability and various strategies for achieving stable and functional photoelectrosynthetic interfaces. We then focus specifically on the use of thin protective films on photoanodes and photocathodes for photosynthetic reactions that include oxygen evolution, halide oxidation, and hydrogen evolution. Finally, we provide an outlook for the future development of thinlayer protection strategies to enable semiconductor-based solar-driven fuel production.

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supporting

confidence: 49%

Thin-Film Materials for the Protection of Semiconducting Photoelectrodes in Solar-Fuel Generators

Hu¹,

Lewis²,

Ager³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

262

259

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“…Zhao et al achieved stabilization of the photocurrent and hydrogen evolution for over an hour. The deposition of an additional TiO2 layer with an appropriate thickness on CdS-modified CIS, followed by Pt deposition, served as a protective layer, enabling stable PEC hydrogen evolution from water with a faradaic efficiency of ~90% [49].…”

Section: Hydrogen Evolution From Water Using Copper Chalcopyrite Photmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chalcopyrite Thin Film Materials for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Sunlight

2015

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Abstract:Copper chalcopyrite is a promising candidate for a photocathode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because of its high half-cell solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (HC-STH), relatively simple and low-cost preparation process, and chemical stability. This paper reviews recent advances in copper chalcopyrite photocathodes. The PEC properties of copper chalcopyrite photocathodes have improved fairly rapidly: HC-STH values of 0.25% and 8.5% in 2012 and 2015, respectively. On the other hand, the onset potential remains insufficient, owing to the shallow valence band maximum mainly consisting of Cu 3d orbitals. In order to improve the onset potential, we explored substituting Cu for Ag and investigate the PEC properties of silver gallium selenide (AGSe) thin film photocathodes for varying compositions, film growth atmospheres, and surfaces. The modified AGSe photocathodes showed a higher onset potential than copper chalcopyrite photocathodes. It was demonstrated that element substitution of copper chalcopyrite can help to achieve more efficient PEC water splitting.

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“…The photocurrent obtained here is comparable to several recently reported specifically designed CIS-based photocathodes (Table S1). 50,51 In addition, the onset potential is considered to be an important factor for the overall water splitting and was found to be more positive for the Au-CIS hybrid dot−disk shaped nanostructures (Table S1).…”

Section: Chemistry Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…8,46−49 Engineering the band positions with coupling layers of appropriate metal sulfides and/or oxides had improved the photocathode performance. 6,50,51 Also, hole trapping materials were used for facilitating the electrocatalytic activities. 52 However, Au coupled heterostructures of these (CIS) semiconductors keeping the epitaxial relation are neither reported nor explored for water splitting in the PEC cell.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Dot–Disk Au-CuInS₂ Nanostructures as Active Photocathode for Efficient Evolution of Hydrogen from Water

et al. 2016

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The synthesis of hybrid 0D-2D dot−disk Au-CIS heterostructures is enabled through nucleating wurtzite ternary I−III−VI CuInS 2 (CIS) semiconductor nanostructures on cubic Au particles via thiol-activated interface reactions. Chemistry of formation of these unique hybrid metal− semiconductor nanostructures is established by correlating successive X-ray diffraction patterns and microscopic images. Furthermore, these nanostructures are explored as an efficient photocathode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) production of hydrogen from water. Although CIS nanostructures are extensively used as PEC active materials for solar-tohydrogen conversion, the coupled structures with Au for their exciton−plasmon coupling is observed in producing a higher photocurrent with efficient evolution of hydrogen. In the comparison of materials properties, it is observed that the cathodic photocurrent, onset potential, and the half-cell solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (HC-STH) are recorded to be superior to all CISbased photocathodes reported up to the current time. These results suggest that designing proper heterostructured functional materials can enhance the hydrogen production in the PEC cell and would be helpful for the ongoing technological needs for a greener way of generating and storing hydrogen energy. ■ INTRODUCTIONHydrogen evolution from solar water splitting, a possible alternative way of generating green energy, is on the forefront of current research. 1−6 In this aspect, photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar-to-hydrogen conversion remains as a promising approach and has been studied extensively. 1,7−14 The performance of the PEC cell and the efficiency of hydrogen evolution typically depend on the effectiveness of the involved photoactive electrode material. Among these, semiconducting nanomaterials having absorption in the solar spectrum, high excitonic coefficient, and high charge carrier mobility are more focused. 15−17 Moreover, electrodes are also designed following proper band engineering with other materials for feasible transfer of the photoexcited electron to water. 15,17−20 In recent developments, even success has been obtained to a large extent for improving the PEC cell performance using different nanomaterials, but finding more efficient and stable materials for boosting the cathodic current and enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen evolution in a single building block are still in demand.Among the different developed functional photoactive materials, noble metal−semiconductor heterostructures have recently emerged as ideal photocatalytic materials where the semiconductor generates the charge carriers and metal acts as a sink for trapping the electron. 21−32 For the case of metal Au, the electron transfer is even more facilitated as the surface plasmon of Au couples with semiconductor exciton and enhances the excited state lifetime of the photoelectron. 33−38 Among the semiconductor counter parts, for high carrier mobility and high extinction coefficient, multinary materials are recently more focused. 22,23,35,3...

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Enhancement of Solar Hydrogen Evolution from Water by Surface Modification with CdS and TiO₂ on Porous CuInS₂ Photocathodes Prepared by an Electrodeposition–Sulfurization Method

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Thin-Film Materials for the Protection of Semiconducting Photoelectrodes in Solar-Fuel Generators

Thin-Film Materials for the Protection of Semiconducting Photoelectrodes in Solar-Fuel Generators

Chalcopyrite Thin Film Materials for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Sunlight

Hybrid Dot–Disk Au-CuInS₂ Nanostructures as Active Photocathode for Efficient Evolution of Hydrogen from Water

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Enhancement of Solar Hydrogen Evolution from Water by Surface Modification with CdS and TiO2 on Porous CuInS2 Photocathodes Prepared by an Electrodeposition–Sulfurization Method

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Thin-Film Materials for the Protection of Semiconducting Photoelectrodes in Solar-Fuel Generators

Thin-Film Materials for the Protection of Semiconducting Photoelectrodes in Solar-Fuel Generators

Chalcopyrite Thin Film Materials for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Sunlight

Hybrid Dot–Disk Au-CuInS2 Nanostructures as Active Photocathode for Efficient Evolution of Hydrogen from Water

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Enhancement of Solar Hydrogen Evolution from Water by Surface Modification with CdS and TiO₂ on Porous CuInS₂ Photocathodes Prepared by an Electrodeposition–Sulfurization Method

Hybrid Dot–Disk Au-CuInS₂ Nanostructures as Active Photocathode for Efficient Evolution of Hydrogen from Water