Enhancement of sonochemical production of hydroxyl radicals from pulsed cylindrically converging ultrasound waves

Ultrasound and sonochemistry enhance education outcomes: From fundamentals and applied research to entrepreneurial potential

“…Reinvestigation of some popular dosimetries unveils disparate results and hence, comparative assessment is required for accuracy [48] , [49] . More recently, a temperature independent HO· dosimetry using Res-DHB, as a highly selective fluorescent probe was proposed [50] . Differences can be ascribed to the fate of radical species, as the major amount likely recombines within the bubbles prior to collapse and only a small fraction could initiate further radical or redox reactions in solution.…”

The Evolution of Sonochemistry: From the Beginnings to Novel Applications

“…[76] Another example is Dias et al ( 2019) realized extraction of Brazil's Spondias tuberosa (umbu) fruit by different techniques, employing supercritical fluid extraction with CO 2 at À 40 °C and pressure of 15 to 30 MPa, Soxhlet method, and ultrasound-assisted extraction with different conditions of USI and solvents, obtaining the highest yields of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity with this last technique. [77] It is crucial to establish that the use of sonochemical irradiation has demonstrated limitations in extraction due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to reduced stability and degradation of some bioactive compounds [81] . It is imperative to control some parameters such as frequency, ultrasonic temperature, time, and solvents employed in ultrasonic-assisted extraction is imperative to preserve the stability of these compounds.…”

Ultrasound and Sonochemistry Enhance Education Outcomes: From Fundamentals and Applied Research to Entrepreneurial Potential

“…Erosion/dispersion (Al foil; chalk in water) [3,6,74] Mechanochemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics Sonocrystallization (CuSO 4 ⋅5H 2 O) [72] Nucleation, kinetics, solid-state chemistry Liquid degassing (soda fountain) [74,77] Henry's law, solubility Emulsification (water-methyl cyclohexane) [74] Mechanical effects, interfacial phenomena Lithium and Grignard reagents [4,78,79] Metal-carbon bonding, cleaning effect, reaction mechanism Organic synthesis (Diels-Alder) [76] Reaction mechanism, home-made/ modified sonoreactors Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons [80] Reaction mechanism, environmental remediation Biodiesel synthesis [81] Green chemistry, reaction mechanism MOF synthesis [82] Green chemistry, multicomponent synthesis Luminol chemiluminescence [8384] Kinetics, thermodynamics, reaction mechanism Cleaning of delicate objects,e.g. 3D parts [85] 2D material exfoliation [35] Mechanical effects, interfacial phenomena Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in Cavitation intensifying bags (CIB) [86] Advanced oxidation Organic and hydroxy radical [48,50,87] dosimetry Analytical chemistry, kinetics However, training in ultrasonic power measurement is mandatory in introductions to the use of power ultrasound, a key point already mentioned (Sect. 2.2).…”