Enhancement of superconducting critical current density in Nb3Sn diffusion layers produced by irradiation with protons

Bode, H.J.; Wohlleben, Karl

doi:10.1016/0375-9601(67)90175-2

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Several authors have stated that the change in B c2 is not the main reason for the increase of J c after high energy irradiation. They have shown that the enhancement of J c after neutron irradiation [2], [23]- [25] or protons [26]- [28] has to be ascribed to the radiation induced nanosize defect clusters acting as new point pinning centers. The present results confirm that the variation of J c is due to the increase in the pinning force.…”

Section: B Enhancement Of J C and B C2 And The Two-mechanism Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of the Critical Properties of Alloyed Nb-Sn Wires After Proton Irradiation at 65 MeV and 24 GeV

Spina

Scheuerlein

Richter

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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A recent proton irradiation study on Ta and Ti alloyed industrial multifilamentary Nb 3 Sn wires has now been extended to fluences up to 1.38 × 10 21 p/m 2 , the Bragg peak region being located outside of the wire. In the present work, magnetization measurements were performed up to 14 K and 10 T, to follow and determine with more precision the development of the upper critical field B c2 with fluence. It was found that the critical temperature, T c , decreases linearly with increasing fluences, about 3% up to the highest fluence 1.38 × 10 21 p/m 2 . The transition width does not change after irradiation, thus reflecting a homogeneous damage in analogy to neutron irradiation. Both the critical current density, J c , and the upper critical field, B c2 , were found to increase in the considered fluence range. It was obtained that the larger enhancement of J c , (about 45% for Ta alloyed wires and 100% for Ti alloyed wires at 10 T) is not correlated to that of B c2 (about 5% for Ti alloyed and 10% for Ta alloyed up to the highest fluence). The enhancement of J c in Ta alloyed wires is very similar for both PIT and RRP processing, thus assigning a major importance to the nature of the additive. The present results after irradiation were analysed applying the two-mechanism model on the volume pinning force, taking into account both grain boundary pinning and point pinning. A comparison between the present results and those achieved after neutron irradiation on the same Nb 3 Sn wires shows that protons cause considerably higher damage than neutrons: the same effect on J c and T c is already observed at fluences being one order of magnitude smaller.Index Terms-Bragg-Williams LRO parameter, flux pinning induced by proton irradiation, HL-LHC upgrade, magnetization, radiation damage.

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Section: B Enhancement Of J C and B C2 And The Two-mechanism Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of the Critical Properties of Alloyed Nb-Sn Wires After Proton Irradiation at 65 MeV and 24 GeV

Spina

Scheuerlein

Richter

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…For the analysis, the inhomogeneous distribution of the radiation damage at the Bragg peak was taken into account, and the dpa was found by averaging over the Bragg peak profile calculated by FLUKA [9,10]. In all known investigations involving high energy irradiation with charged particles on A15 type compounds [5][6][7][8][28][29][30][31], the sample thickness was chosen in such a way that the Bragg peak region was located well behind the irradiated sample, i.e. the studied conditions were those of the 'steady energy loss' regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation ofT_c, lattice parameter and atomic ordering in Nb₃Sn platelets irradiated with 12 MeV protons: correlation with the number of induced Frenkel defects

Flükiger

Spina

Cerutti

et al. 2017

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Nb3Sn platelets with thicknesses between 0.12 and 0.20 mm produced by a high isostatic pressure process at 1250 °C were irradiated at 300 K with 12 MeV protons. The effects of irradiation on the lattice parameter a, the atomic order parameter S and the transition temperature Tc were measured as a function of proton fluence. In view of the presence of multiple energy radiation sources in future accelerators, the present proton data are compared with neutron irradiation data from the literature. The fluences for both types of radiation were replaced by the dpa number, the ‘displacements per atom’, calculated using the FLUKA code, which is proportional to the number of radiation induced Frenkel defects. It was found that the variation of both a and S for Nb3Sn after proton and neutron irradiation as a function of dpa fall almost on the same curve, in analogy to the recently reported correlation between Tc and the dpa number. By a simultaneous irradiation of two adjacent thin Nb3Sn platelets, we have shown that this correlation is not only valid for the state of ‘steady energy loss’ (protons traveling through the first platelet) but also for the state of higher damage at the Bragg peak (second platelet). It follows that the number of radiation induced Frenkel defects in the A15 grains, calculated via the dpa number, can be considered as a ‘universal’ parameter, allowing the calculation of the variation of Tc, a and S of Nb3Sn under the effect of multiple high energy radiation sources, as in future superconducting accelerators.

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“…From Table 4, it is seen that the ratio between the charged high energy particles (proton and pions) and neutrons in the LHC is around 8%. From the results of proton irradiation at 3 MeV [39,40] [31]. This shows that charged protons (but in general charged particles) have a considerably higher potential of damage than neutrons.…”

Section: Overview Of Superconductivity and Challenges In Applications 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Superconductivity and Challenges in Applications

Flükiger

2012

Rev. Accl. Sci. Tech.

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Considerable progress has been achieved during the last few decades in the various fields of applied superconductivity, while the related low temperature technology has reached a high level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are so far the most successful applications, with tens of thousands of units worldwide, but high potential can also be recognized in the energy sector, with high energy cables, transformers, motors, generators for wind turbines, fault current limiters and devices for magnetic energy storage. A large number of magnet and cable prototypes have been constructed, showing in all cases high reliability. Large projects involving the construction of magnets, solenoids as well as dipoles and quadrupoles are described in the present book. A very large project, the LHC, is currently in operation, demonstrating that superconductivity is a reliable technology, even in a device of unprecedented high complexity. A project of similar complexity is ITER, a fusion device that is presently under construction. This article starts with a brief historical introduction to superconductivity as a phenomenon, and some fundamental properties necessary for the understanding of the technical behavior of superconductors are described.The introduction of superconductivity in the industrial cycle faces many challenges, first for the properties of the baseelements, e.g. the wires, tapes and thin films, then for the various applied devices, where a number of new difficulties had to be resolved. A variety of industrial applications in energy, medicine and communications are briefly presented, showing how superconductivity is now entering the market.

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Enhancement of superconducting critical current density in Nb3Sn diffusion layers produced by irradiation with protons

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Variation of the Critical Properties of Alloyed Nb-Sn Wires After Proton Irradiation at 65 MeV and 24 GeV

Variation of the Critical Properties of Alloyed Nb-Sn Wires After Proton Irradiation at 65 MeV and 24 GeV

Variation ofT_c, lattice parameter and atomic ordering in Nb₃Sn platelets irradiated with 12 MeV protons: correlation with the number of induced Frenkel defects

Overview of Superconductivity and Challenges in Applications

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Enhancement of superconducting critical current density in Nb3Sn diffusion layers produced by irradiation with protons

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Variation of the Critical Properties of Alloyed Nb-Sn Wires After Proton Irradiation at 65 MeV and 24 GeV

Variation of the Critical Properties of Alloyed Nb-Sn Wires After Proton Irradiation at 65 MeV and 24 GeV

Variation ofTc, lattice parameter and atomic ordering in Nb3Sn platelets irradiated with 12 MeV protons: correlation with the number of induced Frenkel defects

Overview of Superconductivity and Challenges in Applications

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Variation ofT_c, lattice parameter and atomic ordering in Nb₃Sn platelets irradiated with 12 MeV protons: correlation with the number of induced Frenkel defects