Enhancement of surface properties of austenitic stainless steel by nickel based alloy cladding developed using microwave energy technique

Kumar, Kamal; Mohanty, A.; Lingappa, M. Shashank; Srinath, M. S.; Panigrahi, S. K.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123657

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A pure graphite sheet served as a separator during MHH to prevent contamination. MHH was conducted in a multimode microwave applicator at 900 W using a 2.45 GHz frequency [51][52][53][54][55]. The preplaced powder layer underwent irradiation for 120 seconds, ensuring uniform and controlled heating for optimal coating formation.These meticulous steps ensure efficient deposition and uniform coating thickness, laying the foundation for enhanced surface protection and mechanical properties of SS-304 substrates.…”

Section: Development Of Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Cladding of Ni-BaTiO3 Mixture onto SS-304 for Enhancing the Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness

Parashar,

Ginni

et al. 2024

E3S Web of Conf.

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The present study focuses on achieving precise deposition of a Ni and 15% BaTiO3 particle mixture onto SS-304 substrates through meticulous preparation steps. Thorough cleaning of the SS-304 substrate eliminated contaminants, ensuring optimal adhesion. Simultaneously, the Ni-BaTiO3 mixture underwent preheating at 1200°C for 20 hours in a muffle furnace to eliminate moisture content, crucial for preventing coating defects. A uniform and crack-free cladding layer enhances the substrate’s resistance to wear, corrosion, and mechanical stresses, thereby extending its service life and improving overall functionality. The surface hardness of SS-304 experienced a substantial improvement of 39.90% following the cladding process with Ni and 15% BaTiO3. A sliding speed of 2 m/s was meticulously selected to replicate typical velocities encountered in practical applications, ensuring a realistic assessment of frictional behavior and wear resistance. Similarly, the sliding distance of 1000 m and an axial load of 5 N were precisely calibrated to simulate the mechanical stresses experienced during sliding contact, facilitating a thorough examination under relevant conditions. These carefully chosen parameters enabled the determination of key tribological properties essential for evaluating the performance of the cladded surface of SS 304 with Ni + 15% BaTiO3. The wear rate, measured at 0.0016 mm3/m, serves as a critical indicator, revealing the volume of material lost per unit distance of sliding. This parameter provides invaluable insights into the surface’s wear resistance and durability, crucial for assessing the longevity and performance of the cladded surface under abrasive conditions. Additionally, the coefficient of friction, determined to be 0.255, offers a quantitative measure of the surface’s frictional behavior during sliding contact.

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Section: Development Of Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Cladding of Ni-BaTiO3 Mixture onto SS-304 for Enhancing the Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness

Parashar,

Ginni

et al. 2024

E3S Web of Conf.

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“…Zirconia (ZrO2) serves as an advantageous cladding particle when combined with nickel (Ni) on steel surfaces [22]- [25]. Zirconia, renowned for its exceptional hardness, thermal stability, and chemical inertness, reinforces the protective layer provided by nickel.…”

Section: Secondary Cladding Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Surface Protection: Microwave-Assisted Metallic Cladding of Ni-ZrO2 Mixture onto SS-304

Chandrashekar,

Arelli

et al. 2024

E3S Web of Conf.

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This study focuses on enhancing surface protection through microwave-assisted metallic cladding of a Ni-ZrO2 mixture onto SS-304 substrates. Meticulous preparation steps ensured effective deposition: SS-304 underwent thorough cleaning, while the Ni-ZrO2 mixture was preheated to remove moisture. Maintaining uniform distribution was crucial for consistent coating thickness. Microwaves interacted differently with materials, necessitating consideration of material-specific skin depth to avoid direct particle-microwave interaction. Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) with charcoal as a susceptor overcame microwave reflection, facilitating rapid heating of the powder mixture. A pure graphite sheet prevented contamination during MHH. Subsequent irradiation in a multimode microwave applicator for 120 seconds ensured uniform and controlled heating, as illustrated in Figure 1. SEM analysis revealed the distribution and morphology of Ni and ZrO2 particles on the SS-304 surface, indicating effective deposition and adherence. A significant improvement in surface hardness (40.78%) post-cladding was observed. Furthermore, the wear rate and coefficient of friction of the cladded surface were determined to be 0.00124 mm3/m and 0.243, respectively. These findings highlight the promising tribological performance of the Ni-ZrO2 cladded surface, underscoring its potential for applications requiring enhanced surface protection and improved mechanical properties.

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“…The available literature has suggested that there is a dearth of research concerning the microwave cladding of SS-304 employing a combination of the HEA utilising the ceramic coatings 16 – 18 . This research has endeavored to address this deficiency by investigating the evolution of cladding surfaces and their performance functional characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the SOFC reliable performance, and long term dependability has been attained for effective operational circumstances. Thus, available literature has portrayed that very less researchers have utilised a blend combination of Fe20Co20Ni20Mn20Cu20 HEA in the “surface-cladding of SS-304” by “microwave-energy” for the application in SOFC interconnects 16 – 18 . Hence, the study attempted to investigate the development of the “cladding surface of SS-304” by utilizing the mixture of “high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu by microwave-energy” and also observed microstructure, surface hardness, corrosion, and structural behavior of the cladding-surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of surface hardness, thermostability, tribo-corrosion, and microstructural morphological properties of microwave-synthesized high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu coating claddings on steel

Sharma,

Dwivedi,

Mohammed

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Deposition of high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu on SS-304 was carried out by microwave energy for application in “solid oxide fuel-cell (SOFC) interconnects”. The ball-milling has been performed by taking “Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu” in equal 20 wt. % of before deposited on SS-304 substrate. The deposited steel with 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu high entropy alloy (HEA) was exposed to thermal-exposure in the air for up to 10 weeks at 800 °C. The uniform cladding distribution of 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu HEA particles can be apparently observed on SS-304 substrate by utilizing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Optical microscopy analysis. Homogeneity in the interfacial layer was evident by employing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization. Results have indicated that after the thermal exposure of deposited steel with 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu in the air for up to ten weeks at 800 °C, a “protective Cr2O3 layer”, and “high-entropy spinel coating” of (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu)3O4 have been formed. During microwave cladding, the emergence of harder-phases has contributed to the raised hardness. The wear behavior after coating of 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu HEA on SS-304 substrate has significantly enhanced due to the strengthened wear resistance and hardness of the coatings. Findings have exhibited that the formation of (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu)3O4 phase is a potential coating material for “SOFC interconnects” applications. Moreover, the cladding of SS304 with a composition of 20% Fe, 20% Co, 20% Ni, 20% Mn, and 20% Cu has demonstrated remarkable stability under thermal expansion studies. As the findings have revealed that the composite cladding has efficiently withstand significant variations in volume when subjected to elevated temperatures for a prolonged period of time, thus, exhibiting its superior thermal stability for SOFC-interconnect applications. Furthermore, the SEM images of the cladding surface, surface hardness, and tribocorrosion behavior of the coated material have been observed to identify the 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu HEA coating effect on SS-304 steel-substrate.

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Enhancement of surface properties of austenitic stainless steel by nickel based alloy cladding developed using microwave energy technique

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Microwave-Assisted Cladding of Ni-BaTiO3 Mixture onto SS-304 for Enhancing the Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness

Microwave-Assisted Cladding of Ni-BaTiO3 Mixture onto SS-304 for Enhancing the Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness

Enhanced Surface Protection: Microwave-Assisted Metallic Cladding of Ni-ZrO2 Mixture onto SS-304

Investigation of surface hardness, thermostability, tribo-corrosion, and microstructural morphological properties of microwave-synthesized high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu coating claddings on steel

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