“…Vanadium pentoxide “V 2 O 5 ” is widely used in the synthesis of modern high-performance batteries, electrochromic devices, sensors, and photocatalysts. 91–93 Nickel oxide “NiO” has a variety of specialized applications in thin film solar cells, superior rechargeable batteries, and electrochromic devices. 93,94 Both V 2 O 5 and NiO, even with low purity grades, are widely used in the production of steel alloys.…”