Enhancing Capacity for Food and Nutrient Intake Assessment in Population Sciences Research

Abstract

Nutrition influences health throughout the life course. Good nutrition increases the probability of good pregnancy outcomes, proper childhood development, and healthy aging, and it lowers the probability of developing common diet-related chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Despite the importance of diet and health, studying these exposures is among the most challenging in population sciences research. US and global food supplies are complex; eating patterns have shifted such that half of meals are eaten away from home, and there are thousands of food ingredients with myriad combinations. These complexities make dietary assessment and links to health challenging for both population sciences research and for public health policy and practice. Furthermore, most studies evaluating nutrition and health usually rely on self-report instruments prone to random and systematic measurement error. Scientific advances involve developing nutritional biomarkers and then applying these biomarkers as stand-alone nutritional exposures or for calibrating self-reports using specialized statistics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 44 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Identifying the relation between food groups and biological ageing: a data-driven approach

“…Moreover, the WHI-FFQ is considered to be a similar or even better measurement of nutrient intake compared with other FFQs in similar populations [ 53 ], and is highly feasible in large populations as in our study. Biomarkers of nutritional status might be a more objective and robust measure of dietary intake than questionnaires relying on self-report [ 54 ]. The study of Lu et al .…”

Dietary Oncopharmacognosy as a Crosswalk between Precision Oncology and Precision Nutrition

“…In fact, the last fifteen years have witnessed an important airing of concern that diet and nutrition may not significantly impact the carcinogenic process based on the reductionist approach exemplified by single nutrient-based hypothesis testing [25][26][27][28], and in some specific cases, this approach could be harmful, e.g., vitamin A and lung cancer in smokers [29]. However, over the past decade, the single nutrient reductionist approach has been supplanted with a focus on how foods are typically consumed, i.e., dietary/food patterns, and with the analysis of cancer risk and cancer mortality when various dietary patterns are consumed [30][31][32]. This is based on the recognition that (1) individuals consume foods rather than only nutrients, (2) each food is composed of hundreds to thousands of chemicals (phytochemicals if the foods are of plant origin), many of which have bioactivity (bioactive food components), and (3) that foods eaten throughout a day can have synergistic, antagonistic, or agnostic actions that collectively may exert effects on the carcinogenic process.…”

Effects of Phenols from Olive Vegetation Water on Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity of Stored-Cooked Beef Patties

“…Diet is widely recognized as a major determinant in the onset and progression of some chronic degenerative diseases, like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes [ 1 ]. Regarding cancer, it has been estimated that a striking percentage of cases are attributed to dietary factors (10–20%) and could be prevented by changing dietary habits [ 2 ].…”