Enhancing catalytic activity and pore structure of metal–organic framework-808 via ligand competition for biodiesel production from microalgal lipids at reduced temperatures

Enhanced hydroxyl bridge-mediated microalgal lipid conversion via mixed-valence Zr/Ce-MOF-808 catalysts at reduced temperatures

“…The computational parameters are consistent with our previous research. 31 Due to the higher atom count in the MOF system, a charge density preconditioner was employed to expedite convergence.…”

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

“…They discovered that using the above-prepared UiO-66 for catalyzing the transesterification of soybean oil yielded a 98.5% conversion rate with a methanol/oil ratio of 40:1 at 140 °C for 5 h. Nevertheless, the performance of single Zr-based MOFs requires further enhancement, and easily tuning the number of defects on nodes via modulators could be an intriguing approach for creating extremely active Zr-based MOF catalysts. 45 In an investigation of Qian et al, 161 they found that acidic catalysts based on MOF with a large number of hierarchical pores and active defects could be very efficient to convert microalgae lipids to biodiesel. Indeed, they prepared MOF-808 with three kinds of functional defects that were formed due to the strong coordination between benzene-1,3,5tricarboxylic acid and Zr-clusters.…”

“…The released H atom could react with a −OH group to generate water, while the methoxy intermediate could attack triglycerides through nucleophilic reactions to generate a tetrahedral intermediate. 161 Finally, biodiesel could be formed via the decomposition of the above-mentioned tetrahedral intermediate. 162 Several investigators have investigated different kinds of modification methods, such as functional organic linkers, transferring active components, and metal ion incorporation into Zr-based MOFs, to enhance the catalytic activity alongside the chemical stability of Zr-based MOFs.…”

“…It could then change to bridging adsorption mode to release a H atom to create a methoxy intermediate as achieving sufficient energy. The released H atom could react with a −OH group to generate water, while the methoxy intermediate could attack triglycerides through nucleophilic reactions to generate a tetrahedral intermediate . Finally, biodiesel could be formed via the decomposition of the above-mentioned tetrahedral intermediate …”

“…Reaction mechanism of converting process of microalgal lipids to biodiesel using MOF-808 (Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 Elsevier).…”