Enhancing diabetes health outcomes among Haitian migrants living in the Dominican Republic

Abstract

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global problem that can have a significant negative impact on health. For Haitian migrants living in rural bateyes (i.e., sugarcane industry villages) of the Dominican Republic, T2DM is associated with significant morbidity. Objectives To identify individual, relationship, community, and societal factors that impact diabetes self-management for adults living with T2DM in two Dominican bateyes. A secondary objective was to better understand the resources needed to enhance diabetes health outcomes for the batey community. Methods A narrative descriptive study using the socio-ecological model (SEM) to guide interview questions and data analysis was conducted. Participants (n = 12) were members of a non-governmental organization that provides T2DM health education and care in two bateyes. Interviews were conducted via videoconferencing. Results One overarching theme emerged from the data analysis was "a scarcity of resources." This theme was perceived by all participants as the greatest factor that negatively impacts the ability of adults living with T2DM in the bateyes to self-manage their disease. Other major themes were organized within the levels of the SEM: individuals, relationships, communities, and societies. Conclusions This qualitative study revealed a variety of complex factors that impact T2DM self-management for the batey community. Findings from this study may be used to inform novel interventions to help this population enhance their T2DM outcomes. Future endeavors should consider utilizing a community-based research methodology to develop intervention strategies.