“…The sample sizes in these ML-based studies [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] were all less than 100 (24~90), except for two studies by Cai et al [ 12 , 15 ] in which the subject numbers were 267 and 213, respectively (however, they only measured a very low-density EEGs from three electrodes at FP1, FP2, and Fz). Previous studies, due to limited data size, have only performed cross validation procedures on limited EEG data to estimate the generalization performance of their proposed algorithms/models, without using an independent test set of sufficiently large size.…”