Enhancing effect of cerebral blood volume by mild exercise in healthy young men: A near-infrared spectroscopy study

Timinkul, Akkaranee; Kato, Morimasa; Omori, Takenori; Deocaris, Custer C.; Itō, Akira; Kizuka, Tokushi; Sakairi, Yosuke; Nishijima, Takeshi; Asada, Takashi; Soya, Hideaki

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2008.03.012

Cited by 71 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This result corresponds with published Timinkul data, which showed that deoxygenation of the brain tissue during exercise with increasing intensity reduces the activity of motor neurons and switch off individual motor units, resulting in a decrease in generating power by the muscles and work interruption [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Muscle blood flow as an indicator of anaerobic threshold in young athletes – A near infrared spectroscopy study

Chroboczek¹,

Jakubowska²,

Kujach³

et al. 2017

Balt J Health Phys Act

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Muscle blood flow as an indicator of anaerobic threshold in young athletes – A near infrared spectroscopy study

Chroboczek¹,

Jakubowska²,

Kujach³

et al. 2017

Balt J Health Phys Act

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“…Physical activity increases cerebral blood flow, the blood flowing to and through the brain. This, in turn, heightens blood supply, delivering more nutrients (e.g., glucose and oxygen) to the neurons, what may increase their function and as a result possibly enhances learning (Timinkul et al, 2008).…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedentary behavior and not physical activity predicts study progress in distance education

Gijselaers

Kirschner

Verboon

et al. 2016

Learning and Individual Differences

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Previous research has shown that physical activity and sedentary behavior are related to learning performance in traditional education. In distance education (DE), however, students are characterized by different features (e.g., age and responsibilities). As a result, DE students often have full schedules and must make choices that traditional students do not. Advice on behavior change is low-cost and easy to implement. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate whether physical activity and sedentary behavior are related to learning performance in DE. In an observational longitudinal study, physical activity and sedentary behavior of 1100 adult DE students were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Students provided information on physical activity, sedentary behavior and important covariates at the start of their study. Learning performance, measured as study progress, was evaluated after 14 months (i.e., the number of successfully completed modules). Analyses revealed that only sedentary behavior was a significant predictor for study progress. More sedentary behavior was predictive for more learning performance in adults participating in DE. Despite these findings, it is not recommended that students should be more sedentary as health/cognitive benefits following from more physical activity and less sedentary behavior are proven. Instead, future research should focus on which specific sedentary behaviors are responsible for this relation as sedentary behaviors may be differentially associated with learning performance.

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“…In contrast, increasing the intensity between 25% and 75% of peak power (Subudhi et al, 2007;Subudhi, Lorenz, Fulco, & Roach, 2008) or exercising for 10 min at 60% VO 2max (Ide et al, 1999) or for 5 min at 70% VO 2max (Imray et al, 2005) or slightly increasing breathing resistance while exercising for 3 min at 60% (Nielsen et al, 2001) can significantly increase the oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex. In a recent study by Timinkul et al (2008), changes in O 2 Hb across the stages of an incremental protocol on the cycle ergometer were analyzed not only for the entire group (N = 10), but also for each individual participant. This analysis showed that the level of intensity at which O 2 Hb begins to increase varies considerably between individuals, both in terms of the percentage of maximal capacity and in relation to the lactate threshold.…”

Section: Nirs-based Investigations Of Cortical Hemodynamics In Exercimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As several theorists have suggested, negative affect is the body's main instrument for alerting consciousness to important homeostatic perturbations (for reviews, see Ekkekakis, 2003;Ekkekakis & Acevedo, 2006;Ekkekakis et al, 2005a). Within this framework, the apparently highly variable onset of increased oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex (Timinkul et al, 2008) could be related to individual differences in the cognitive control of the affective responses elicited by exercise (Ekkekakis, Hall, & Petruzzello, 2005b;Ekkekakis, Lind, Hall, & Petruzzello, 2007). As noted earlier, there is now a substantial literature examining the role of prefrontal cortical activity (using the hemodynamic BOLD signal of fMRI) in the cognitive control of negative affect (Ochsner & Gross, 2005.…”

Section: Tentative Framework For Interpreting Hemodynamic Changes In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Illuminating the Black Box: Investigating Prefrontal Cortical Hemodynamics during Exercise with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Ekkekakis¹

2009

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

172

171

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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) presents an appealing option for investigating hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during exercise. This review examines the physical basis of NIRS and the types of available instruments. Emphasis is placed on the physiological interpretation of NIRS signals. Theories from affective neuroscience and exercise psychobiology, including Davidson's prefrontal asymmetry hypothesis, Dietrich's transient hypofrontality hypothesis, and Ekkekakis's dual-mode model, are reviewed, highlighting the potential for designing NIRS-based tests in the context of exercise. Findings from 28 studies involving acute bouts of exercise are summarized. These studies suggest that the oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex increases during mild-to-moderate exercise and decreases during strenuous exercise, possibly proximally to the respiratory compensation threshold. Future studies designed to test hypotheses informed by psychological theories should help elucidate the significance of these changes for such important concepts as cognition, affect, exertion, and central fatigue.Keywords: near-infrared spectroscopy, prefrontal asymmetry, exercise intensity, affective responsesOne of the benefits of neuroscience for psychology, according to Peter Lang (1994), is that it can help "limit inference and . . . keep our cognitive theories away from empty boxology" (p. 219). In other words, neuroscientific knowledge can steer psychological theorizing in the right direction (and away from the wrong direction) by suggesting what is possible (and what is impossible) at the level of the nervous system. For example, is "mind over muscle" true? Some may believe so. In fact, some have argued so. But is this really possible? Does the central nervous system have the necessary anatomical features and neurophysiological functions that would permit, for example, consciousness to become completely impervious to afferent muscular cues or volition to exert unlimited control over muscular contractions? Having an understanding of what the brain "does" during exercise could help reformulate, refine, or place important boundary conditions on these and numerous other theoretical propositions.The author is with the Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. 506Ekkekakis Unfortunately, the progress made by exercise neuroscience has been slow (Dishman, 2005). In particular, knowledge of what happens in the brain during a bout of exercise remains sketchy. A relatively small number of animal studies have provided insights into areas implicated in cardiovascular and locomotor control. However, most psychologists would probably be more interested in the function of the frontal lobes, where animal-to-human inferences are limited or impossible, given the dramatic interspecies differences in that particular region. In psychological research, the puzzle of the function of the various subdivisions of the frontal cortex is systematically and painstakingly being solved using the imaging tools of modern human neuroscience. For e...

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Enhancing effect of cerebral blood volume by mild exercise in healthy young men: A near-infrared spectroscopy study

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Muscle blood flow as an indicator of anaerobic threshold in young athletes – A near infrared spectroscopy study

Muscle blood flow as an indicator of anaerobic threshold in young athletes – A near infrared spectroscopy study

Sedentary behavior and not physical activity predicts study progress in distance education

Illuminating the Black Box: Investigating Prefrontal Cortical Hemodynamics during Exercise with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

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