Enhancing electron transport <i>via</i> graphene quantum dot/SnO<sub>2</sub> composites for efficient and durable flexible perovskite photovoltaics

Zhou, Yu; Yang, Sisi; Yin, Xuewen; Han, Jianhua; Tai, Meiqian; Zhao, Xinglei; Chen, Hui; Gu, Yin; Wang, Ning; Lin, Hong

doi:10.1039/c8ta10168j

Cited by 70 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The excessive annealing temperature may lead to oxygen defects, which acted as unfavorable electron trap centers and thereby reduced device performance. Analogously, charge transport properties of SnO 2 electron transporting layers decorated different size of graphene quantum dots have been detected by C‐AFM . It is evident that the conductivity of SnO 2 films can be improved by doping quantum dots with suitable size.…”

Section: Applications Of C‐afm Techniquementioning

confidence: 82%

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Metal halide perovskite materials, benefiting from a combination of outstanding optoelectronic properties and low‐cost solution‐preparation processes, show tremendous potential for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. However, the nanoscale inhomogeneities of the electronic properties of perovskite materials cause a number of difficulties, such as recombination, stability, and hysteresis, all of which seriously restrict device performance. Scanning probe microscopy, as a high‐resolution imaging technique, has been widely used to connect local properties and micro‐area morphologies to overall device performance. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) can realize a real‐space visualization of topography coupled with optoelectronic properties on a microscopic scale and thereby is uniquely suited to probe the local effects of perovskite materials and devices. The fundamental principles, alternative operation modes, and development of C‐AFM are comprehensively reviewed, and applications in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for electronic transport behavior, ion migration and hysteresis, ferroelectric polarization, and facet orientation investigation are discussed. A comprehensive understanding and summary of up‐to‐date applications in PSCs is beneficial to further fully exploit the potential of such an emerging technique, so as to provide a novel and effective approach for perovskite materials analysis.

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Section: Applications Of C‐afm Techniquementioning

confidence: 82%

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…To truly investigate the effect of the formed permanent dipole on the surface WF of the ZnO layer, ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) spectra of ZnO and ZnO–ATAA were measured and are plotted in Figure b, showing that the WF is lowered by about 0.28 eV and the surface highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level changes by about 0.21 eV with the incorporation of the ATAA layer, as expected. Figure c shows the energy levels of each layer in the PSCs, demonstrating that the energy levels of ZnO–ATAA match better with the perovskite layer due to the upshifted conduction band and WF, which contributes to the reduced interface electron transport barrier and better electron extraction from the perovskite layer …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating a Polar Molecule to Passivate Defects for Perovskite Solar Cells

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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The intrinsic characteristics of a ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) lead to severe charge loss in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as photogenerated charge accumulation recombination in the perovskite layer due to the low electron extraction capacity, and defect‐induced charge recombination at the interface due to the unfavorable defects, causing efficiency loss and device hysteresis. Here, the polar molecule of (2‐aminothiazole‐4‐yl)acetic acid (ATAA) is self‐assembled onto a ZnO layer with the help of oxygen vacancy defects, combining the advantages of lowering the work function by forming the permanent interface dipole and simultaneously passivating defect states. It effectively strengthens the electron extraction capacity and reduces the density of defect states. Therefore, the resulting PSCs with a ZnO–ATAA ETL yield an enhanced efficiency of 19.74% with evidently reduced device hysteresis.

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“…Podzorov et al have shown that step edges of rubrene 3 can be functionalized with tridecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane . Surface defects and even mechanical stress are of general relevance and must definitively be taken into account to explain charge transport, at fundamental level …”

Section: Charge Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

et al. 2020

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The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.

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Enhancing electron transport via graphene quantum dot/SnO₂ composites for efficient and durable flexible perovskite photovoltaics

Cited by 70 publications

References 81 publications

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Incorporating a Polar Molecule to Passivate Defects for Perovskite Solar Cells

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

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Enhancing electron transport via graphene quantum dot/SnO2 composites for efficient and durable flexible perovskite photovoltaics

Cited by 70 publications

References 81 publications

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Incorporating a Polar Molecule to Passivate Defects for Perovskite Solar Cells

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

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Enhancing electron transport via graphene quantum dot/SnO₂ composites for efficient and durable flexible perovskite photovoltaics