Enhancing environmental performance of formaldehyde-based adhesives in lignocellulosic composites, part III: evaluation of some starch derivatives

Preformed Amide-containing biopolymer for Improving the Environmental Performance of Synthesized Urea–formaldehyde in Agro-fiber Composites

“…Previous work by the two lead authors of this paper and their collaborators at NRC-Cairo have reported an improvement in the bondability of sugar-cane bagasse fibers with commercial UF when adding organic and inorganic materials, such as nitrogen-containing starch derivatives, as HCHOscavenger [12,14]. An even more effective derivative was the addition of an acrylamide-containing starch derivative [14].…”

“…Numerous studies have dealt with using formaldehyde-free adhesives, namely; thermosetting or cross-linked type of polymers, e.g., isocyanate binders and polyvinyl alcohol, or using natural products e.g., natural tannin and proteinaceous adhesives [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The isocyanates and phenol formaldehyde resins are reported to be good adhesive bonding agents for agricultural waste such as straw and rice husks [11].…”

“…An even more effective derivative was the addition of an acrylamide-containing starch derivative [14]. Addition of small percentages of nano-clay has also been reported as successful additive to improve the performance of UF as adhesive for plywood and particle-boards [15].…”

Wood production, wood technology, and biotechnological impacts

“…Starch is also added as an extender to various types of conventional adhesives in order to enhance their environmental performance by reducing the absolute usage of synthetic resins and, in consequence, thereby also the emissions of toxic formaldehyde as well as the production costs (Basta et al 2005, Müller 2005see below). Moreover, starch may act as a scavenger for free formaldehyde (Basta et al 2006). Starch yields adhesives with excellent affinity for polar materials such as cellulose.…”

Effect of starch and lignin on physico‐chemical properties of phenol–starch resin and its resin core sand

“…Turunen 16 used lignin, starch, and urea as modifiers for phenol–formaldehyde resol resins. More and more studies have been made with starch for its participating in the polymerization of resins in the presence of phenol and formaldehyde 17–19.…”